Muscle-fiber array inspired,multiple-mode,pneumatic artificial muscles through planar design and one-step rolling fabrication

Advances in development of artificial muscles have enabled creation of soft robots with biological dexterity and self-adaption in unstructured environments; however, production of scalable artificial muscles with multiple-mode actuations remains elusive. Inspired by muscle-fiber arrays in muscular hydrostats, we present a class of versatile artificial muscles called MAIPAMs (muscle-fiber array inspired pneumatic artificial muscles), capable of multiple-mode actuations (such as parallel elongation-bending-spiraling actuations, 10 parallel bending actuations and cascaded elongation-bending-spiraling actuations). Our MAIPAMs consist of active 3D elastomer-balloon arrays reinforced by a passive elastomer membrane, achieved through a planar design and one-step rolling fabrication approach. We introduce prototypical designs for the MAIPAMs and demonstrate their muscle-mimic structures and versatility, as well as their scalable ability to integrate flexible but non-stretchable layers for contraction and twisting actuation modes and compliant electrodes for self-sensing. We further demonstrate that this class of artificial muscles shows potential for versatile robotic applications, such as carrying a camera for recording videos, gripping or manipulating objects, and climbing a pipe-line.     

百米跑中肌肉放松技术的研究及应用

百米跑是一项高强度的无氧代谢运动项目,多数运动员在百米训练和比赛过程中由于过分紧张而造成成绩不理想或成绩总是停滞不前.其原因主要是没有很好地掌握百米跑中的肌肉自然放松技术.因为肌肉放松技术的好坏直接影响百米跑的成绩.     

递增性负荷训练对不同月龄大鼠骨骼肌组织自由基代谢及其防御系统影响

对不同月龄大鼠进行6周递增性跑台训练，观察训练对不同年龄大鼠骨骼肌中自由基代谢的影响。结果显示：(1)MDA含量和GPX活性随增龄而增加，老年组SOD和CAT明显下降；(2)6周训练后，老年组MDA含量明显下降，SOD、CAT和GPX活性显著升高，中青年组SOD活性明显下降。结果表明：训练能延缓衰老，但同一运动对不同年龄引起骨骼肌组织自由基代谢的变化不同。     

排球运动员小肌群、薄弱肌群的功能训练

研究了排球运动员薄弱部位的损伤机制，以及对薄弱伤部位进行功能训练的方法，对防止运动损伤的产生、提高竞技能力、延长排球运动员的运动寿命有积极意义。     

腰椎稳定性对NLBP躯干肌群形态机能特性的影响

摘要：目的：探索非特异性腰痛（NLBP）患者中腰椎稳定性与躯干肌群形态、张力及力量等各方面特性的关系以及相关因素对这种关系的影响。方法：招募青年男性参与者,包括不同腰椎稳定性NLBP亚组（LSI组10人,Non-LSI组9人）以及正常对照组（10人）。测试采集脊柱肌群CSA、张力等数据以及最大等长屈伸力量。通过多元方差分析（MANOVA）比较各指标在参与者组别以及各种因素间的差异。结果：1)参与者组别因素与测试部位、发力位置等因素均无交互作用。2)腰多裂肌的大小和物理特性在各组别间均不具有显著性差异。3)脊柱肌群最大屈伸力矩表现出2个NLBP亚组比对照组屈肌力量更大,伸肌力量更小的趋势,LSI组更甚（P> 0.05）;LSI组屈伸力矩比值大于对照组（P< 0.05）。结论：腰痛以及腰椎稳定性因素与躯干肌群的形态和物理学特性并无直接关联;力量这一机能特性中F/E比值是反映不同腰椎稳定性LBP患者与正常人机能差异的敏感指标。NLBP不是一个同质性群体,采用腰椎稳定性进行亚组划分具有一定可行性。     

An electromyographic comparison of a modified version of the plank with a long lever and posterior tilt versus the traditional plank exercise

The purpose of the study was to compare core muscle activation of the tradition prone plank with a modified version performed with a long-lever and posterior-tilt using surface electromyography. To further determine if a specific component of this modified plank was more effective than the other in enhancing muscle activity, the plank with a long lever and the plank with a posterior pelvic tilt were studied individually. Nineteen participants performed all four variations of the plank for 30 seconds in a randomized order with 5-minute rest between exercise bouts. Compared to the traditional prone plank, the long-lever posterior-tilt plank displayed a significantly increased activation of the upper rectus abdominis (p < 0.001), lower abdominal stabilizers (p < 0.001), and external oblique (p < 0.001). The long-lever plank showed significantly greater activity compared to the traditional plank in the upper rectus abdominis (p = 0.015) and lower abdominal stabilizers (p < 0.001), while the posterior tilt plank elicited greater activity in the external oblique (p = 0.028). In conclusion, the long-lever posterior-tilt plank significantly increases muscle activation compared to the traditional prone plank. The long-lever component tends to contribute more to these differences than the posterior-tilt component.     

男子标枪运动员肩、肘、髋关节屈伸肌力的等速测试研究

采用澳大利亚KEYLINK公司生产的等速肌力测试系统,对20名二级以上水平的男子标枪运动员肩、肘、髋关节肌肉力量进行等速向心测试,结果表明屈伸肌由60°/s到120./s或180°/s时,肩、肘屈伸肌和髋伸肌峰力矩、相对峰力矩减小,髋屈肌峰力矩、屈伸肌相对峰力矩增大;肩、髋屈伸比增大,肘屈伸比减小.     

谈肢体肌肉技能反馈在田径技术训练中的作用

着重从理论上阐述田径技术教学训练中肢体肌肉技能反馈对促进运动技能形成的重要作用，指出为了提高学生对技术动作的掌握能力，教学训练中必需重视和传授技能反馈的理论知识。     

运动对心肌热休克蛋白的影响

运用文献资料法，对热休克蛋白的重要生物学功能以及运动对心肌热休克蛋白的影响进行综述。     

Functional differences in the activity of the hamstring muscles with increasing running speed

Abstract

In this study, we examined hamstring muscle activation at different running speeds to help better understand the functional characteristics of each hamstring muscle. Eight healthy male track and field athletes (20.1 ± 1.1 years) performed treadmill running at 50%, 75%, 85%, and 95% of their maximum velocity. Lower extremity kinematics of the hip and knee joint were calculated. The surface electromyographic activities of the biceps femoris and semitendinosus muscles were also recorded. Increasing the running speed from 85% to 95% significantly increased the activation of the hamstring muscles during the late swing phase, while lower extremity kinematics did not change significantly. During the middle swing phase, the activity of the semitendinosus muscle was significantly greater than that of the biceps femoris muscle at 75%, 85%, and 95% of running speed. Statistically significant differences in peak activation time were observed between the biceps femoris and semitendinosus during 95%max running (P < 0.05 for stance phase, P < 0.01 for late swing phase). Significant differences in the activation patterns between the biceps femoris and semitendinosus muscles were observed as running speed was increased, indicating that complex neuromuscular coordination patterns occurred during the running cycle at near maximum sprinting speeds.