谈肢体肌肉技能反馈在田径技术训练中的作用

着重从理论上阐述田径技术教学训练中肢体肌肉技能反馈对促进运动技能形成的重要作用，指出为了提高学生对技术动作的掌握能力，教学训练中必需重视和传授技能反馈的理论知识。     

低氧、离心力竭运动对骨骼肌自由基代谢的影响

研究目的是探讨低氧和离心力竭运动对骨骼肌自由基代谢的影响。结果显示:离心运动后即刻骨骼肌MDA生成大量增加,运动后1天达峰值,脂质过氧化作用破坏了细胞膜,骨骼肌损伤进一步加重。安静状态下,随着低氧时间的延长,骨骼肌SOD活性明显下降。且大鼠力竭运动后低氧的前2天,骨骼肌中SOD活性的升高幅度不及常氧组。表明组织缺氧会抑制骨骼肌自由基清除剂的生成。     

运动对心肌热休克蛋白的影响

运用文献资料法，对热休克蛋白的重要生物学功能以及运动对心肌热休克蛋白的影响进行综述。     

确定下肢肌肉附着点空间坐标的研究及其应用

采用近景摄影测量的先进技术,对人体(尸体)下肢肌肉的起止点进行量测;运用计算机进行编程解析,求得国人下肢肌肉附着点的三维坐标。建立下肢4个运动环节的独立坐标系;运用刚体方位广义坐标描述下肢环节运动;提供肌肉机能评定相关的定量参数资料。建立起止点坐标与有关的人体测量参数间的回归方程,为活体下肢肌肉起止点的推算提供依据。     

炙甘草汤对豚鼠离体心室乳头肌电生理效应的研究

目的：探讨炙甘草汤对豚鼠心室肌动作电位的影响。方法：用玻璃微电极细胞内记录的方法．描记正常和不同剂量炙甘草汤（10、20和40mg／m1）灌流时的豚鼠心室乳头肌细胞动作电位，测量其RP、APA、Vmax、APD50、APD90和APD。结果：20mg／ml炙甘草汤可明显缩短APD90（P〈O．05），40mg／ml炙甘草汤对APD50、APD90和APD均有明显缩短作用（P〈0．05或0．01）。结论：炙甘草汤可缩短豚鼠心室肌细胞动作电位的时程。     

柔道技术动作与专项力量训练的主要用力肌肉肌电特征研究

采用实验法,对柔道项目专项力量训练的有效性进行论证,研究现有专项力量训练能否有效的训练柔道主要动作中的主要用力肌肉,为教练员制定训练计划提供基础理论依据。方法：选取7名优秀国家一级运动员,采用肌电测试手段测试柔道主要技术动作和专项力量训练的主要肌肉用力方式并进行对比分析。结论：目前柔道专项训练以上肢肌肉训练为主,不能有效锻炼到全身肌肉。快速推砖和皮条平拉的训练负荷较小,在日常训练中,应加大训练的负荷。     

腰椎稳定性对NLBP躯干肌群形态机能特性的影响

摘要：目的：探索非特异性腰痛（NLBP）患者中腰椎稳定性与躯干肌群形态、张力及力量等各方面特性的关系以及相关因素对这种关系的影响。方法：招募青年男性参与者,包括不同腰椎稳定性NLBP亚组（LSI组10人,Non-LSI组9人）以及正常对照组（10人）。测试采集脊柱肌群CSA、张力等数据以及最大等长屈伸力量。通过多元方差分析（MANOVA）比较各指标在参与者组别以及各种因素间的差异。结果：1)参与者组别因素与测试部位、发力位置等因素均无交互作用。2)腰多裂肌的大小和物理特性在各组别间均不具有显著性差异。3)脊柱肌群最大屈伸力矩表现出2个NLBP亚组比对照组屈肌力量更大,伸肌力量更小的趋势,LSI组更甚（P> 0.05）;LSI组屈伸力矩比值大于对照组（P< 0.05）。结论：腰痛以及腰椎稳定性因素与躯干肌群的形态和物理学特性并无直接关联;力量这一机能特性中F/E比值是反映不同腰椎稳定性LBP患者与正常人机能差异的敏感指标。NLBP不是一个同质性群体,采用腰椎稳定性进行亚组划分具有一定可行性。     

Isokinetic trunk flexion–extension protocol to assess trunk muscle strength and endurance: Reliability,learning effect,and sex differences

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and the learning effect of an isokinetic trunk flexion–extension protocol designed to simultaneously assess trunk muscle strength and endurance. In addition, the effect of the participants' sex on the reliability data was examined.MethodsFifty-seven healthy and physically active young men (n = 28) and women (n = 29) performed the isokinetic protocol 5 times, separated by a week between each of the first 4 sessions and by a month between the last 2 sessions. The protocol consisted of performing 4 trials of 15 maximum flexion–extension concentric exertions at 120°/s (range of trunk motion = 50°). The absolute and relative peak torque and total work were calculated to assess trunk flexion and extension strength. In addition, endurance ratio, modified endurance ratio, fatigue final ratio, recovery ratio, and modified recovery ratio variables were used for the assessment of trunk muscle endurance in both directions.ResultsRegarding the absolute reliability, no relevant changes were found between paired-comparison sessions for most strength and endurance variables, except for total work and relative total work variables in the flexion movement in both sexes. In addition, the typical error of the isokinetic variables was lower than 10% in both males and females, and minimum detectable changes ranged from 7% to 20%, with a tendency to be higher in females and in endurance variables. The strength variables showed high-to-excellent intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs; >0.74); however, for the endurance variables only the endurance ratio and the modified endurance ratio obtained moderate-to-high ICC values (0.57 < ICC < 0.82). In addition, the analysis of the variance reported no significant differences between consecutive pairs of sessions for most variables in both sexes.ConclusionOverall, these findings provide clinicians, trainers, and researchers with a 10-min single-session protocol to perform a reliable muscle strength and endurance evaluation of trunk flexor and extensor muscles, all within the same protocol.     

大将军汤结合手法治疗急性腰扭伤

依据祖国医学关于活血祛瘀 ,舒筋活络 ,行气止痛的原理 ,采用大将军汤结合手法治疗急性腰扭伤 ,6 8例患者中痊愈 6 0例 ,占 88.2 % ,好转 8例 ,占 11.8%。     

Activity of periscapular muscles and its correlation with external oblique during push-up: Does scapular dyskinesis change the electromyographic response?

Scapular dyskinesis is the term used to describe changes in the positioning or movement of the scapula. Such dysfunction is associated with changes in the activation of the scapular muscles. However, the influence of the axial muscles on the scapular muscles activity of subjects with scapular dyskinesis is unknown. This study aimed to compare the electromyography (EMG) activity of periscapular muscles and its correlation with the external oblique muscle during the execution of push-up performed in different surfaces, in volunteers with and without scapular dyskinesis. Thirty-six men, divided in two groups (control and dyskinesis), performed push-up on stable and unstable surface. The EMG activity of serratus anterior (SA_5th and SA_7th fibers), upper (UT) and lower (LT) trapezius, external oblique (EO) was recorded during execution of each task condition. Statistical analyzes were performed using two way ANOVA repeated measures and Pearson correlation. It was observed effect of interaction between factors, being evidenced increased activity of UT, SA_7th and OE for the control group and decreased activity of SA_5th, SA_7th and EO for dyskinesis group during execution of push-up on unstable surface. In both groups positive correlations (r > 0.47) were observed between EMG activity of SA and EO. In the exercises tested, there seems to be an anatomical and functional relationship between the SA and EO muscles. The use of the unstable surface promotes increased neuromuscular demand, but the neuromuscular strategies appear to differ between groups.