新解"调控说"--对"需要干预说"的扬弃

李昌麒教授关于经济法的“需要干预说”明显带有移植资本主义国家关于经济法的“干预说”的色彩。且“需要”一词不适于定义。我国经济法应反映国家对宏观、社会及市场经济问题的直接控制和间接调节的本旨,因而本文提出新解的经济法“调控说”,“调控说”与“宏观调控说”在定性和调整范围上有质的区别。以“调控说”为基石重构和法律体系。     

cTn和BNP/NT-proBNP检测在急性冠脉综合征中的应用

急性冠状动脉综合征（ACS）是导致急性心肌缺血的一大类临床综合征,早期评估其病变程度及其预后有着重要的临床意义.cTn与BNP/NT-proBNP被认为各自都可单独作为诊断心肌缺血、进行ACS危险分层评估、预测近期心脏不良事件的有力参考指标,但是它们的联合检测对ACS患者危险性的判断及其预后的评估有着更加重要的参考价值.     

Can e-books foster child language? Meta-analysis on the effectiveness of e-book interventions in early childhood education and care

Language abilities in the early years are a strong predictor of children's success in school. However, a considerable number of children enter school with poor language skills. Therefore, one of the most important but also challenging mandates of early childhood education and care [ECEC] is to promote these skills before school enrolment. Meta-analytic evidence suggests that shared book reading is a valuable tool to narrow this gap in the early years. In the digital age, e-books might offer new opportunities to foster language development in ECEC. This meta-analysis investigates the effectiveness of e-book interventions in comparison to regular childcare and to shared print book reading in classrooms. The systematic search, examining studies from 2000 to 2018, was carried out by two independent reviewers. A random-effect model was used to aggregate findings. Altogether, 17 studies with 30 different e-book treatments were included. Children benefited significantly more from the e-book interventions compared to regular childcare (g = 0.85). Activities with e-books were also ahead of print storybook reading in ECEC (g = 0.45). The effectiveness was mainly moderated by story repetition, number of sessions, and embeddedness in the classroom. E-books were primarily researcher-developed and included congruent functions to foster language development. Implications for practice, research and app development are discussed.     

Research findings can change attitudes about corporal punishment

Positive attitudes toward the use of corporal punishment (CP) predict subsequent spanking behavior. Given that CP has frequently been associated with behavior problems in children and child maltreatment, this prevention work was designed to test whether adults’ attitudes could be changed by informing participants about the research findings on problematic behaviors associated with CP. Two random assignment studies are reported. In Study 1, we tested whether an active reading condition would result in more attitude change than a passive condition. With a sample of 118 non-parent adults, we found that after reading very brief research summaries on the problems associated with CP, there was a significant decrease in favorable attitudes toward CP. Contrary to expectations, the magnitude of the change was comparable for active and passive processing conditions. In Study 2, we extended our approach to a sample of 520 parents and included a control group. A significant decrease in positive attitudes toward spanking was observed in the intervention group, but no change for the control group. Parents who were unaware of the research showed more change after reading the summaries. Thus, these studies demonstrate that a brief and cost-effective approach to raise awareness of research findings can reduce positive attitudes toward CP. Implications for prevention and intervention are discussed.     

Cultural Misperceptions and Goals for Samoan Children’s Education in Hawai’i: Voices from School, Home, and Community

Research lauds the benefits of parent involvement in the schools, yet many schools and communities have not achieved desired levels of involvement. Underlying expectations and methods soliciting parent involvement may be rooted in cultural misperceptions. This study, based on Epstein’s (1987) Overlapping Spheres of Influence model, explored the ways and extent that community members, school staff, and Samoan families interact regarding a public middle school. Qualitative research methods (interviews and observations) involved parents, teachers, administrators, and community agency members and officials in participatory action research. Findings displayed a base of cultural differences regarding parent involvement: Samoan parents were expected to participate in school events and assist children with homework, yet Samoan culture has historically divided the parents’ responsibilities from the teachers’ responsibilities. Parents identified their responsibilities for children’s spirituality and discipline and viewed academic matters as solely the responsibility of teachers. The school’s new activities, parents’ shifting focus, and community members’ diverse actions are demonstrating a start of change. This research supports the need for school personnel to understand the cultural roots of minority families’ parent involvement practices. Marianna F. Valdez is a Ph.D. Candidate in Community and Cultural Psychology. She completed her M.A. degree at the University of Hawaii and B.A. degree at Tulane University. Her research interests involve the development, implementation, and evaluation of culturally appropriate community programs, especially related to the public school setting. She is most interested in understanding and representing emic perspectives to drive action research, informed by culturalist approaches and mixed methods. Peter W. Dowrick is Professor of Disability Studies and affiliate graduate faculty in Psychology at the University of Hawaii. He completed his Ph.D. at the University of Auckland, ATCL at Trinity College London, M.Sc. at the University of Auckland, and B.Sc. at the Victoria University of Wellington. He has wide experience working with people marginalized by culture, disability, mental health, and other considerations. His consultation on prevention and intervention extends to 31 states and 21 countries. His overarching contribution has been in the concepts of feedforward and creating futures, applied in situations of personal safety, serious mental illness, social behavior, sports and recreation, daily living, literacy, academic skills, health, housing, management, and jobs, among others. Ashley E. Maynard is Associate Professor in the Department of Psychology at the University of Hawaii. She completed her Ph.D. at the University of California, Los Angeles, M.A. at the University of California, Los Angeles, and B.A. at the University of Virginia. She studies the interrelationships of culture, contexts of child development, and healthy cognitive and social development of children. Based on a socio-cultural paradigm, the theoretical question that lies at the heart of her research program is the ways in which a variety of culturally based activity settings influence adaptive pathways of development for children and families. She teaches courses in Developmental Psychology and Culture and Human Development.     

校园欺负行为干预研究的新视角

校园欺负行为作为一种低水平的暴力形式,严重危害着学生的身心发展,因此历来受到教育者的关注。该文从心理学和社会学角度出发,对近期国内外校园欺负问题的危害及干预策略的研究进展作了回顾。首先系统分析了校园欺负行为对欺负者、受欺负者、旁观学生以及整个校园的危害;其次从社会、学校、班级、家庭、个体等不同角度讨论了校园欺负行为的主要干预策略;最后提出了未来研究应该思考的若干问题。     

不同类体育运动对大学生强迫症状影响的比较研究

通过对金华职业技术学院2004级1912名学生整体进行心理健康状况普查,将SCL-90中强迫症状因子≥2.2分的学生,随机抽取男、女各45名,用不同运动方式,经过6周对实验组的学生进行干预,比较统计分析结果显示:在大学新生的心理健康问题检测中,男生有15.37%、女生有16.87%存在着各种轻度的不良心理反应,女生的心理健康差于男生;大学新生的心理健康问题主要表现为强迫症状、人际关系敏感、忧郁等症状。体育运动可以改善身体器官的机能,加强肌体新陈代谢,有助于增强体质,产生积极的心理感受,较快地提高情绪稳定性,减轻强迫症的一系列症状。研究表明,科学的体育运动对减轻强迫症的一系列症状有效,不同的运动项目对男、女生是有差别的。     

Parental guidance of young children’s mathematics and scientific inquiry in games,cooking, and nature activities

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the influence of guidance instruction and type of activity on parental guidance of young children’s mathematics and scientific inquiry during cooking, games, and nature activities at home. Thirty families participated with their preschool-aged child; half were randomly assigned to an inquiry guidance instruction group and encouraged to support children’s reasoning with open-ended prompts and questions. Families participated in activities for one month, some of which they audio-recorded. Families engaged in processes of comparing, predicting, evaluating and concluding more often after inquiry guidance instruction, and incorporated inquiry processes into all activity types. Mathematics was most frequently observed in games and cooking. The results suggest that parents can use inquiry guidance to support preschoolers’ mathematics and scientific inquiry in a variety of activities performed at home. As children engage in inquiry-based learning during co-constructed activities with parents, they develop conceptual understanding of mathematics and scientific inquiry in a positive social context.     

我国城市化进程中政府干预力度的实证分析

城市化是人类社会发展到工业化阶段的一种经济现象，是人口集中、生产和生活方式转变、城市数量和规模扩大等特征的统一体。文中运用“主成分分析”、“回归分析”等统计方法，借助SPSS、Eviews等统计软件进行了政府干预经济指标体系的构建、政府干预度的综合评价，并对城市化水平与政府干预力度之间的关系进行实证分析，得出结论：随着城市化水平的提高，政府的干预力度逐渐减弱。实证结果与理论分析结论是相互吻合的。