What is more important for fourth-grade primary school students for transforming their potential into achievement: the individual or the environmental box in multidimensional conceptions of giftedness?

Multidimensional models of giftedness specify individual and environmental moderators or catalysts that help transform potential into achievement. However, these models do not state whether the importance of the ‘individual boxes’ and the ‘environmental boxes’ changes during this process. The present study examines whether, during the early stages of talent development, the ‘environmental boxes’ play a more important role than the ‘individual boxes.’ To answer this question, we analyzed individual moderators and environmental moderators of achievement for fourth-grade primary-school students (N?=?976). A cluster analysis that included intelligence, achievement, and two individual moderators (motivation and learning behavior) revealed three groups of students, two of which are of particular interest, as they both displayed high intelligence and achievement but differed in their motivation and learning behavior. Questionnaire data on family environment (filled out by parents, N?=?682) and school environment (filled out by teachers, N?=?47) supported the assumption that among young students an inauspicious set of individual moderators, in this case maladaptive motivation and learning behavior, can be compensated by a sufficiently propitious set of environmental moderators, in this case parents’ and teachers’ learning support, cultural capital within the family, and teachers’ commitment to support their students’ learning.     

Demographic variables and fathers' involvement with their child with disabilities

The main purpose of this study is to examine whether fathers' involvement with their child with disabilities is correlated with some of the demographic variables. Data were collected from 243 Polish fathers who were married and who had at least one child with disabilities. The issue was assessed by two measures: a Questionnaire and the Father Involvement Scale. The results of the multiple regression show that fathers' involvement is significantly (P < 0.05) correlated with the level of fathers' concentration on the needs of their child with disabilities, the level of fathers' cooperation with their wives, the number of years during which parents cared for a child with disabilities, time devoted by fathers daily for their child with disabilities, fathers' self‐esteem, fathers' education, the level of disability of a child, the level of fathers' skills in dealing with their child with disabilities and the level of fathers' knowledge about their child with disabilities. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at: http://youtu.be/XpTojch0j9Y     

Students teach sex education: introducing alternative conceptions of sexuality

In this paper, we describe an exercise that challenges hetero-normative and sexist notions of sexuality, allowing students to envision alternative models. Research shows how active learning eases student anxiety over challenging or threatening material. After reading Jessica Fields' Risky Lessons and Waskul, Vannini, and Weisen's article entitled ‘Women and Their Clitoris’, students designed a sex education curriculum that challenges conventional methods. Beyond critiquing existing sex education models, this exercise provides a space for students to reflect on their own sex education experiences, develop their own ideas for teaching about sex and become comfortable discussing sex and sexuality with their peers. All but one of the students reported finding the activity enjoyable or interesting. More than half of students reported change in their views about sex and sex education as a result of the activity.     

Parent involvement in school and Chinese American children's academic skills

The authors examined the concurrent associations of school-based parent involvement (PI), family sociocultural factors, and children's academic skills in a sample of 258 Chinese American children (5–9 years old) in immigrant families. Parents reported their American and Chinese orientations and family socioeconomic status (SES). Parents and teachers rated parents' school-based involvement, and children's English reading and mathematics calculation skills were assessed with standardized tests. Results of path analysis indicated that, controlling for SES, parents' American orientation was positively associated with their self-reported PI. Although parent- and teacher-reported PI were positively correlated with each other, only teacher-reported PI was positively associated with children's English reading. These findings support the benefits of school-based PI for Chinese immigrant children's English reading achievement. Results also highlight the need to consider differences between teachers' and parents' perceptions of PI in developing culturally sensitive interventions to encourage immigrant parents' school involvement.     

Out-of-school learning assistance in adolescence

This study inquired into the structure and predictors of out-of-school learning assistance among adolescents. It used longitudinal data gathered from up to 4936 Polish lower-secondary school students. The analysis of the assistance structure, performed with latent class analysis, showed that about 50% of students belonged to the latent class with no assistance. All other students belonged to one of four latent classes, representing types of assistance. These latent classes were: frequent non-paid assistance in all subjects, moderate non-paid assistance in all subjects, non-paid assistance in selected subjects, paid and non-paid assistance in mathematics. The analysis of predictors of assistance provision showed that 12 out of 14 hypothesised factors affected membership probability (MP) in at least one latent class. A lower level of past school achievement raised MP in all the classes. Students’ gender, intelligence, intellectual helplessness, learning disability, educational aspirations, family affluence, level of parental education, and school location predicted MP in selected classes.     

Parents’ perception of child behavior,parenting stress,and child abuse potential: Individual and partner influences

Based on the Social Information Processing model of parenting risk for child abuse, the present study examined the associations between mothers’ and fathers’ perception of child behavior and child abuse potential, as well as whether parenting stress mediates the association between these constructs. Two hundred and fifty-nine mother-father couples raising preschool children answered the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), the Parenting Stress Index (PSI), and the Child Abuse Potential Inventory (CAPI). The results of dyadic path analysis showed that perception of child behavior was related to heightened parenting stress and abuse potential in both mothers and fathers. Concerning partner effects, we found that mothers’ perception of child behavior problems was positively associated with fathers’ parenting stress and that the higher the mothers’ distress, the higher the fathers’ risk of physical abuse. Finally, parenting distress partially mediated the association between parents’ perception of child behavior and child abuse potential, with mothers’ perception of their children as problematic showing a significant indirect effect through distress on their own abuse risk and on fathers’ CAP as well. These findings suggest that parental distress may represent a critical mechanism by which parents’ negative views of their children contribute to abuse potential. Moreover, mothers seem to influence fathers’ tendency towards abusive behaviors.     

Predicting Reinforcement and Punishment Behaviors in College Students Coping with Substance Misuse: An Application of Inconsistent Nurturing as Control Theory

Managing a romantic partner’s substance misuse can be challenging, especially in cases where attempts to show support end up worsening the negative behavior. Understanding what might predict one’s actions towards a partner who smokes or drinks can help to alleviate some of the difficulty associated with these interactions. Therefore, this study was designed to examine how issues of undesirable substance use are managed within college students’ romantic relationships. More specifically, the study applied inconsistent nurturing as control theory to assess the extent to which relational uncertainty, perceived network helpfulness, and perceived network hindrance predict the reinforcement and/or punishment of a partner’s smoking or drinking. Results from cross-sectional, self-report survey data (n = 203) revealed that perceived network helpfulness and hindrance were both significant predictors of punishment but not reinforcement. Relational uncertainty was not a significant predictor of reinforcement or punishment. Implications for studying predictors of reinforcement and punishment strategies are discussed, as is the importance of communicating about young adult substance misuse within romantic relationships.     

社会变迁中父亲职能的凸显: 基于生态系统理论的分析

为了解青少年的父母教养投入状况,采用伍新春等人修订的青少年评价父母教养投入行为问卷,对全国2 370名中小学生进行问卷调查。结果发现,其一,父母呈现基本相似的教养投入模式,即规则教导水平最高、生活照顾和学业支持居中、情感休闲水平最低。其二,无论是在总体上,还是在四个子维度(规则教导、生活照顾、学业支持和情感休闲)上,母亲的教养投入水平都显著高于父亲。其三,母亲对女孩的生活照顾、情感休闲和规则教导显著多于男孩;父亲对男孩的规则教导和学业支持显著多于女孩;父母教养投入水平都随青少年年龄的增长而显著下降;父母对独生子女的教养投入水平都显著高于非独生子女;主观家庭社会经济地位越高,父母教养投入水平越高。     

企业管理创新“高—中—基”三层传递机制研究——TMT承诺、中层管理者支持与基层员工参与

基于意义建构与意义给赋理论逻辑，本文探究了企业管理创新“TMT承诺—中层管理者支持—基层员工参与”的传递机制；同时，依据组织学习理论，引入组织沟通开放性和外部涉入作为调节变量。利用华南地区530份二阶段跟踪调查企业问卷数据进行实证检验，得到以下结论。TMT规范/情感承诺通过“基层员工直接模仿”（自下而上）与“中层管理者间接传导”（自上而下）的双重机制影响基层员工参与，而TMT持续承诺对基层员工参与的双重影响均不显著；与情感承诺相比，TMT规范承诺通过中层促进基层员工参与的间接效应更强。组织沟通开放性、外部涉入分别正向二阶调节TMT规范/情感承诺与中层管理者支持之间的关系，且两者也正向三阶调节TMT规范/持续承诺与中层管理者支持之间的关系，但是两者对中层管理者支持与基层员工参与之间关系的二阶和三阶调节效应均不显著。研究发现进一步明确了组织内不同层级员工以及内外情境在管理创新实施过程中的重要作用，并为我国企业如何更好提升基层员工管理创新参与提供有益启示。     

“绿色+创新”视角下产品模块化策略实现企业绩效的作用机理研究

基于“绿色+创新”的视角，提出以模块化策略为抓手，以双元绿色创新为中介路径（匹配运作实践中企业针对不同模块选择的差异化创新幅度），进而实现企业绩效的理论框架。特别结合定制化的运作趋势，提出“中间层知识”（即产品如何适应各种应用场景的新知识）的间隙以及由此可能造成的协同研发过程中的风险，从而探究供应商参与的负向调节作用。对189家中国制造企业的实证检验结果表明，产品模块化正向促进双元绿色创新与企业绩效；双元绿色创新正向促进企业绩效；开发式绿色创新和探索式绿色创新在产品模块化与企业绩效之间存在中介与链式中介作用；供应商参与负向调节产品模块化与双元绿色创新的关系。研究结果为丰富模块化理论研究及企业应用模块化策略实现绿色发展提供理论和管理实践参考。