湖南省老年人体育锻炼行为特征与影响因素——基于安德森健康行为模型

目前新冠疫情在全球肆虐,许多重症患者都是有基础疾病的老年人,老年人健康问题深受关注。本文基于安德森(Anderson)健康行为模型,运用卡方检验、Logistic回归的方法,描述湖南省老年人参与体育锻炼行为特征,分析影响老年人是否参加体育锻炼和参加体育锻炼频率的因素。研究表明:湖南省老年人锻炼行为特征中对体质健康监测和场地设施等公众服务体系的需求量非常大,影响老年人是否参加体育锻炼以及参加体育锻炼频率主要受年龄、教育、收入来源、健康信念、居住地类型、体育场地、组织和管理以及慢性病患病情况影响。     

Adverse and adaptive childhood experiences are associated with parental reflective functioning in mothers with substance use disorder

Mothers with a substance use disorder (SUD) are at risk for maladaptive parenting practices, and have heightened likelihood of having experienced childhood adversity themselves. In addition, parental reflective functioning (PRF), a capacity underlying sensitive caregiving, is often low in mothers with SUD. This study examines the relationship between PRF and aversive (emotional, physical, sexual abuse and neglect) and adaptive (safety and competence) experiences, in different developmental phases (early childhood, latency, and adolescence) in mothers with a SUD. A sample of 43 mothers with small children were interviewed with the Parental Developmental Interview to assess PRF, and they completed the Traumatic Antecedents Questionnaire regarding aversive and adaptive experiences. In addition, we used the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist-10 to control for mental health status and a battery of neuropsychological tests to control for executive functions. Results indicated that adaptive experiences in early childhood were positively related to PRF, and that experience of emotional abuse was negatively related to PRF. When separating the group of mothers in two sub-groups based on PRF level, results showed that mothers with negative to low PRF had significantly more experiences of adversities in early childhood and latency, and significantly less adaptive experiences in early childhood, latency and adolescence, compared to mothers with moderate to high PRF. In addition, mothers with adequate to high PRF reported experiencing significantly more types of adaptive experiences, and significantly less adversities compared to mothers with negative to low PRF. Results are discussed in relation to developmental trauma, resilience, epistemic trust and mistrust.     

Association between psychosocial stressors with emotional and behavioral problems among children of low-income addicted families living in Brazil

BackgroundChildren exposed to substance use in their families are vulnerable to multiple risk factors in their development and at increased risk for emotional and behavioral problems. The aims of the study were as follows 1) estimate the prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems among children aged 6–11 years old, living with addicted family members in a low-income urban community of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil; 2) evaluate the children’s exposure to family psychosocial stressors and substance use; and 3) investigate the factors related to the increased risk of emotional and behavioral problems and substance use.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 101 children aged 6–11 years old (M = 9.16 years, SD = 1.61). The instruments used were a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Psychosocial Stress Factors (PSF).ResultsHigh prevalence of problems was found for this sample: the CBCL showed 26.7% of clinical scores for Internalizing Problems, 40.6% for Externalizing Problems, and 40.6% for Total Problems. Exposure to family psychosocial stressors was also high, including severe disease (33%), physical aggression (28.9%), death (27.8%), psychiatric hospitalization (16.7%), suicide attempts (15.5%), and suicide (9.3%). Exposure to these family stressors was associated with an increase of two to four times in the prevalence of internalizing and externalizing problems.ConclusionsChildren exposed to substance abusers have more mental health problems than general population, even when compared to peers living in similar low-income areas. This is a group that should be target of a selective preventive intervention.     

优秀男子手球运动员赛前训练部分生化指标变化研究

本研究通过对江苏省男子手球队十二届全运会前的赛前训练期间,白细胞(WBC)、血红蛋白(Hb)、血尿素(BU)、肌酸激酶(CK)、血睾酮(T)、皮质醇(C)在训练各个阶段变化情况的分析研究,发现在赛前训练阶段强化对运动员的训练监控非常必要,可以为教练员制定训练计划提供重要指导,提高训练效果;赛前训练对男手运动员的WBC、BU影响不大,但要重视训练初期运动员血红蛋白(Hb)水平的下降;要重视赛前训练期间运动员最后一场教学比赛后的机体恢复,特别是肌肉疲劳的恢复工作,为下面的正式比赛做好准备;在赛前训练期间一定要做好营养品的针对性补充,只要营养品补充合理,配合训练计划的合理安排,在整个训练期间,运动员的机能水平均能维持在较为理想的状态。     

BJ-2搏击项群训练与监控系统的应用方法

BJ-2搏击项群训练与监控系统是专门用于对拳击、散打、跆拳道等搏击项目的技术动作进行定量分析与诊断的体育装备,其主要功能有:①获得单击打击力量(F)、打击速度(V)、打击冲量(S)、打击爆发力(P)参数;②获得连击的最大力量(Fm)、连击的最大速度(Vm)、连击的最大冲量(Sm)、连击的最大爆发力(Pm)参数,同时还可获得连击的力量衰减率(Fμ)、速度衰减率(Vμ)、爆发力衰减率(Pμ)参数以及在设定时间内的打击次数(N);③实现测试参数、曲线可视化与储存功能。     

中国散打队多哈亚运会赛前身体机能监测与评定研究

采用实验、心理测试等研究方法,对中国散打队在多哈亚运会赛前不同训练阶段的身体机能进行评定。结果表明,在赛前集训的不同阶段,散打运动员的血红蛋白、红细胞计数、红细胞压积、血尿素、血清肌酸激酶、血睾酮、皮质醇、免疫细胞等生化指标的变化,与其身体机能状况及疲劳程度密切相关。提示可通过这些指标在不同训练阶段的变化特征用来评定散打运动员的身体机能。     

大孔吸附树脂柱色谱法分离纯化重楼皂苷过程中的质量控制与评价

以重楼根茎粉末为原料,加热回流提取粗皂苷后,用近红外在线检测AB-8大孔吸附树脂除杂和洗脱分离的全过程,并以近红外光谱判别变量为表征手段,将分离过程分为四个阶段。分别对每个阶段收集的洗脱液进行比色和水解,通过离线的紫外光谱和高效液相色谱分析,结果显示,用70%的乙醇对大孔吸附树脂中除杂以后的重楼总皂苷进行洗脱,基本能将重楼总皂苷分为几类有效组分群。     

大气颗粒物浓度检测技术及其发展

大气颗粒物是一种重要的空气污染物,详细分析了大气颗粒物浓度的检测原理、检测方法.基于膜捕集的称重法是最基本的颗粒物浓度检测方法,但是基于其他原理的颗粒物浓度检测方法在颗粒物的实时在线检测方面得到了广泛应用,对各类监测方法的优缺点作了对比,指出自动化、智能化和网络化是大气颗粒物浓度检测仪器的方向发展.     

蒙特卡罗数值模拟及其在大跨桥梁可靠度分析中的应用

为了定量地研究大跨桥梁在多种随机因素下的可靠度,采用了蒙特卡罗法中的拉丁超立方体抽样法,对润扬悬索桥(中国跨度最大的悬索桥)在温度、风、车辆荷载、车辆冲击等随机变量作用下的结构可靠度进行了计算.通过对大桥在正常运营和损伤状态下的可靠度分析,获得了大桥主缆应力、吊索应力、桥塔位移以及钢箱梁线形等重要指标的可靠度和累积分布函数,分析结果形象直观,提高了评估的效率,使维护决策的制定更加客观准确.     

登山步道游憩冲击之长期监测——以玉山国家公园塔塔加步道为例

本研究应用由植群覆盖度减少率(CR)、植相变异度(FD)及植株高度降低率(HR)等三项植群冲击介量所合成之植群冲击指数(IVI),与步道截面土壤冲蚀量之变化,自1991至2004年间,定期就游客践踏对塔塔加步道所造成之游憩冲击效应进行长期的调查监测,探讨其变迁与可能的影响因子。本文汇整14年来所完成之重要调查监测与研究成果,并提出若干建议事项供为游憩生态学之相关研究,与经营管理单位在制定或修正其步道冲击防治与管理策略时之参考。