大学生心态状况调查及其积极心态培养对策研究

文章利用一般自我效能感量表和简易应对方式量表，对某校大学生作抽样调查，结果显示：不同性别和专业的大学生在自我效能感和应对方式上无显著差异；大学生自我效能感的来源存在偏差，主导性的应对方式也有错位。这表明当代大学生的心态并非都是积极的。因此，高校思想政治工作者要高度关注和研究大学生的心态问题。要培养大学生基于能力的自我效能感，要形成以行动为主导的应对方式，要建立起积极心态培训机制。     

试论《文心雕龙》的“尚简”思想

＂尚简＂作为中国诗学的民族特性之一,历代文论家都做了极为深刻精彩的阐发。刘勰《文心雕龙》从多个方面强调了这一特征的重要性,其中物色篇、风骨篇、隐秀篇更是较全面的集中讨论＂尚简＂的思想。这对于中国传统文论的发展具有重要意义。     

Teaching styles and conceptions of effective teachers: Tibetan and Han Chinese academics compared

The principal objective of this research is to ascertain if the “research–teaching dichotomy” as revealed in the relationship between conceptions of effective teachers and teaching styles among Han Chinese academics can be found among Tibetan academics. As a preliminary objective, this research examines the appropriateness of the Effective Teacher Inventory (Zhang, 2003) for evaluating Tibetan academics' conceptions of effective teachers and compares the conceptions of effective teachers between Tibetan and Han Chinese academics. The Thinking Styles in Teaching Inventory (Grigorenko & Sternberg, 1993) and the Effective Teacher Inventory (Zhang, 2003) were administered to 162 Tibetan academics. For the purpose of comparison, data from 93 Han Chinese academics in Zhang's (2009) study were integrated into the present research.The results warranted two conclusions. First, the Effective Teacher Inventory was appropriate for assessing Tibetan academics' conceptions of effective teachers; and there was no substantial difference in the conceptions of effective teachers between the two samples. Second, as it was among Han Chinese academics, the apparent “research–teaching dichotomy” was identified among Tibetan academics. Limitations and significance of this research are discussed and directions for future research are proposed.     

Modelling parenting styles,moral intelligence,academic self-efficacy and learning motivation among adolescents in grades 7–11

The current study investigated the associations between three maternal and paternal parenting styles, moral intelligence, academic self-efficacy and learning motivation in three serial mediation models. Omani adolescents enrolled in 7th to 11th grades (N = 296) responded to an online survey containing demographic items and scales measuring the variables noted above. Results of Path Analysis indicated that the three models had a good overall fit. In detail, the three paternal styles (authoritative, authoritarian and permissive) had direct associations with moral intelligence and indirect associations with learning motivation. However, only two maternal parenting styles (i.e., authoritative and authoritarian) correlated directly with learning motivation and these two styles did not associate with moral intelligence. All effects were in the hypothesized direction except the effect of authoritative maternal and paternal styles. Moral intelligence had a positive direct correlation with students’ academic self-efficacy and learning motivation. Moral intelligence also mediated the negative associations between three types of fathers’ parenting styles and students’ motivation. Academic self-efficacy had a positive association with students’ motivation. These findings provided useful insights about the various association between external factors (e.g., parenting styles), internal factors (i.e., moral intelligence and self-efficacy) and students’ motivation among adolescents in middle and high schools.     

短信文学研究综述

短信文学研究相对于短信文学的发展是滞后的,也不够深入和系统。研究内容主要集中为:一是对于短信文学身份的确认问题。一些作家和批评家主要是感悟即兴式的,缺乏从学理的角度进行卓有说服力的分析和认定。二是对于短信文学的特征的分析。虽然许多研究者从不同角度对于短信文学的特点作出了归纳,在一定程度上揭示了短信文学的特点,但都显得偏于一隅,不够全面,有的甚至是不够准确,或是未抓住短信文学的本质特征。三是对于短信文学的分类。各家在对短信文学分类的时候,主要是标准不统一,类别过于粗略,从文体方面关注不够。四是对于短信文学的修辞学分析。除少量文献涉及的修辞方法较为丰富以外,其它均未能充分反映短信文学修辞运用的全貌,对于修辞表现的新动向也关注不够。另外,存在许多空白或涉足不深的研究领域。     

大医华佗的医术、医德及医著

华佗是汉魏时期一代全能名医，医术精湛，医德高尚，具有大医风范。其医术在养生、方药、针灸、外科诸领域都达到了至高境界。用麻沸散对患者实施外科手术，只是其全能中之一能。华佗高尚的医德对纠正当今医务界的不正之风有很强的警示意义。华佗有丰富的医著流传下来。说其医著未能传世，值得商榷。     

Learning styles in engineering education: the quest to improve didactic practices

This article discusses a dilemma that engineering educators encounter when attempting to develop pedagogical methods: that of finding efficient and scientifically valid didactic practices. The multitude of methods offered by educational consultants is perplexing. Moreover, the popularity of commercially offered solutions such as learning styles testing makes them appear attractive. The study presents one case of application of learning styles, the consequent problems and evaluation of results. It concludes that the use of learning styles is not supported by current pedagogical theories. Practices to foster interdisciplinary understanding between learning sciences and engineering are proposed in order to improve engineering education, most notably collaborative projects between university departments.     

高中生应对方式的调查研究

目的 了解高中生应对方式的特征，为培养其积极应对方式、开展心理健康教育提供依据。方法 采用简易应对方式量表（SCSQ）对755名高中生进行问卷调查。结果（1）高中生与全国常模相比在积极应对和消极应对两个维度上均差异显著；（2）高中生在积极应对和消极应对两个维度上不存在性别、是否独生子女、城乡等差异，但文、理科学生在消极应对维度上存在差异，文科的均分高于理科；（3）高中生在积极应对和消极应对两个维度上存在年级差异。结论 根据不同年级特点，加强高中学生心理健康教育。培养积极应对方式。     

A structured forensic interview protocol improves the quality and informativeness of investigative interviews with children: a review of research using the NICHD Investigative Interview Protocol

OBJECTIVE: To show how the results of research on children's memory, communicative skills, social knowledge, and social tendencies can be translated into guidelines that improve the quality of forensic interviews of children. METHOD: We review studies designed to evaluate children's capacities as witnesses, explain the development of the structured NICHD Investigative Interview Protocol, and discuss studies designed to assess whether use of the Protocol enhances the quality of investigative interviews. RESULTS: Controlled studies have repeatedly shown that the quality of interviewing reliably and dramatically improves when interviewers employ the NICHD Protocol. No other technique has been proven to be similarly effective. CONCLUSIONS: Use of the structured NICHD Protocol improves the quality of information obtained from alleged victims by investigators, thereby increasing the likelihood that interventions will be appropriate.     

诗酒乐天真——李白与乔吉之比较研究

明代李开先提出了乔吉犹"曲中李白"这一命题。作为唐诗和元曲两座古典诗歌高峰上的巨擎,李白和乔吉在很多方面确实存在相似之处。然而几百年间学人对此命题基本忽视,无相关书籍或文章对此命题做专门阐释。本文拟从人生信仰:儒道并存——"青莲居士"与"惺惺道人";生活经历:心灵角逐——漫游与酒;作品气质:孤独之美——尴尬与自我;以及作品风格:雄奇豪放——涅槃与超脱四个方面对二人进行比较,借以对此命题做进一步阐释。