Characterization of enhancer trap and gene trap harboring<Emphasis Type="Italic">Ac/Ds</Emphasis> transposon in transgenic rice

Insertion mutagenesis has become one of the most popular methods for gene functions analysis. Here we report a two-elementAc/Ds transposon system containing enhancer trap and gene trap for gene tagging in rice. The excision ofDs element was examined by PCR amplification. The excision frequency ofDs element varied from 0% to 40% among 20 F₂ populations derived from 11 differentDs parents. Southern blot analysis revealed that more than 70% of excisedDs elements reinserted into rice genome and above 70% of the reinsertedDs elements were located at different positions of the chromosome in rice. The result of histochemical GUS analysis indicated that 28% of enhancer trap and 22% of gene trap tagging plants displayed GUS activity in leaves, roots, flowers or seeds. The GUS positive lines will be useful for identifying gene function in rice. Project supported by the Hi-Tech Research and Development Program (863) of China (No. 2002AA2Z1003)     

SrAl_2O_4:Eu~(2 )的长余辉发光特性

着重研究了SrAl_2O_4:Eu~(2 )材料的制备及其长余辉发光特性。对所制备的样品,首先进行X射线粉未衍射,证明其基质为SrAl_2O_4单斜晶体结构;然后,通过对其激发光谱和发射光谱的测量,表明样品的发光属于典型的Eu~(2 )d——f跃迁;最后,观测其热释光谱,出现两个热释发光峰值,说明样品的长余辉发光特性是由于两个足够深的电子陷阱所致。     

The poverty trap of education: Education–poverty connections in Western China

Traditional studies of development and education focus either on the benefits of education for lifting the poor out of poverty, or on the vicious circle created when poor cannot afford education. This paper adds to the traditional view by also focusing on the poverty trap that is created for families that invest heavily in education without obtaining returns. It offers another perspective on the new education–poverty trap, with the burden of educational costs as cause of poverty and deprivation for low- and middle-income families. Data from a large-scale survey of the Western regions of China shows that the cost of higher education is far beyond low- and middle-income families’ affordability. Chinese households face a dilemma: borrowing money to educate a child or avoiding debt but foregoing education and mobility. While already acknowledged as a major social problem in China, the new poverty–education connection has so far received relatively little scholarly attention.     

P专利研发中“加速化陷阱”现象的实证研究——以机械制造业上市公司三种专利产出为例/P P/FONT /P

本文基于资源基础观和研发“加速化陷阱”理论,利用111家中国机械制造业上市公司1999-2005年的发明专利、实用新型专利和外观专利的申请数据以及2001-2006年的财务数据,使用相关性分析和多元回归分析等方法,对专利产出与后续企业绩效的关系进行了实证检验。研究发现：发明专利及实用新型专利与主营业务利润的关系,实用新型专利及外观专利与主营业务收入的关系都表现为“倒U型”,表明过高水平的专利产出不但无法进一步改善企业绩效,反而会降低企业绩效,即专利研发中的“加速化陷阱”现象是存在的。本研究对于促进企业正确制定专利研发计划,提高研发活动的产出效率有着重要的指导意义。     

Re-visiting Paul Wasserman’s The New Librarianship: A Challenge for Change

The article offers a retrospective reading of profiled American library educator Paul Wasserman’s seminal work The New Librarianship: A Challenge for Change (1972). The idea was to reevaluate the book’s major message about the urgency of transforming librarianship – the discipline, the profession and the institutional forms – into a field that is “proactive”, client-centered, innovation-conscious, aggressive and well aware of societal needs. Today, a similar change and innovation agenda recurs in R. David Lankes’ redefinition of the role and mission of libraries and librarians in The New Librarianship: A Field Guide (2016). Another contemporary parallel is John Palfrey’s discussion of re-conceptualizing libraries as networked platforms pursued in Bibliotech: Why Libraries Matter More Than Ever in the Age of Google (2015). The paper concludes with a brief comparison of how the three authors frame the issue of change in libraries and librarianship with a focus on basic stylistic and communicative features.     

Effect of rich air/fuel ratio and temperature on NO x desorption of lean NO x trap

An experimental and model-based study of the effect of rich air/fuel ratios （AFRs） and temperature on the NOx slip of a lean NOx trap （LNT） was conducted in a lean-burn gasoline engine with an LNT after-treatment system. The emissions of the engine test bench and the inlet temperature of the LNT were used as the major inlet boundary conditions of the LNT. The engine periodically operated between a constant lean AFR of 23 with alterable rich AFRs of 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14. A decrease in the rich AFR of the engine strengthened the desorption atmosphere in the LNT, an effect closely related to the number of reductants, and further heightened the NOx desorption of the LNT, but with a penalty in fuel consumption. To eliminate that penalty, the inlet boundary conditions of the LNT were varied by adjusting the inlet temperature within a range between 200 ℃ and 400℃. An increase in inlet temperature heightened the NOx desorption of the LNT, and a NOx breakthrough occurred after the inlet tem- perature exceeded 390 ℃. To control NOx breakthrough, the inlet temperature can be adjusted to offset the strong desorption atmosphere in the LNT commonly created by a rich AFR.     

批判思维教学方法在美国学校健康教育中的作用分析——兼评保罗（Paul）的批判思维观

20世纪80年代以来，在世界卫生组织，“健康促进”运动的推动下，各国都在致力于本国健康教育的发展。本文将重点评介美国健康教育中的批判思维教学方法，并对保罗（Paul）的批判思维观者分析评价，以期有一定的借鉴。     

反宏观经济学教条——实际利率行为与长期期限结构分析

根据名义利率变动及其对投资与经济增长的影响区分出"狭义流动性陷阱"和"广义流动性陷阱",我国1997年底出现通货紧缩以后不存在两种意义的"流动性陷阱".将微观金融市场的利率期限结构方法引入中国长期经济波动和宏观分析,会发现经济周期上行和向下转折之后相关变量间分别存在通货膨胀率＞名义利率＞实际利率和通货膨胀率＜名义利率＜实际利率,其原因在于名义利率调节无论在时间和幅度上都落后于通货膨胀率变动.利率连续下调等货币政策操作对投资、产出、就业具有不可替代的积极效果,其传导机制包括增加企业利润、降低国债成本、改变经济主体预期、降低汇率升值压力并增加进口等.宏观经济学教科书中宣示"经济衰退期间货币政策无效"起因于误解凯恩斯而导致的"宏观经济学教条",应该予以摒弃.     

Becoming Extra-Textual: Celebrity Discourse and Paul Robeson's Political Transformation

During the 1930s, news media constructed celebrities as individuals whose public lives naturally reflected (or expressed) their private lives. Paul Robeson, however, offered an intriguing challenge to such seamlessness, foreshadowing contemporary evocations of celebrity that highlight the fabricated nature of public personas. I posit that during the 1930s, the discursive formations of scandal and movie stardom challenged celebrity seamlessness by constructing Paul Robeson as a site of extra-textuality: Paul Robeson “the artist” became detached from Paul Robeson “the man.” Although mired in essentialism, Robeson's extra-textuality was crucial to his activism, for it ultimately created the space from which he voiced his most impassioned political polemics. Thus both regressive and liberatory, the discourses of scandal and movie stardom mediated Paul Robeson's transition from spiritual-singing aesthete to outspoken political activist.     

WHAT THE BUTLER STARTED

British tabloids are viewed as conservative about monarchy. However, on several occasions since Princess Diana's death, criticism of royalty has been extremely shrill. This detailed examination of one such occasion argues that commercial imperatives and tabloid journalistic practices in pursuit of a good story liberated information and views threatening to an un-modernised monarchy. However, it also shows how certain criticisms were deflected and why.