Catégories et fonctions dans l’appareil de l’état au temps des Barmécides: un sondage sur le glissement entre les rôles

This essay is part of a wider research project aiming to define the components of the élite in power during the first ?Abbāsid period. Our present purpose is to verify if, and to what extent, the sliding among different public roles must be related with the “arbitraire” of the caliph or rather if it would be reasonable to discern in it some automatisms, some unregulated, although already applied paths. For this purpose, we carried out a survey of the figures who had offices in the administration of the ?Abbāsid state during the second half of the 2nd/8th century, i.e. the Barmakids and those who evolved with them on the political scene. In the initial stage, we confined our survey to the figures appearing in the Kitāb al-wuzarā’ wa'l-kuttāb by al-Jahshiyārī (d. 331/942), that is, with al-?ūlī's one, the most ancient collection of akhbār devoted to the vizirs. We actually think that this work has a historical as well as a symbolic significance. In our opinion the fact of having been produced inside the official milieu of the 4th/10th century increases its value as a source for the social history of the first ?Abbāsid period. Facing the problem of the sliding among different public roles, we tried to fix some criteria for the statistical analysis of this phenomenon, as well as to deduce how this could be used for the study of the social components of the ?Abbāsid élite.     

对以积分率排列篮球比赛名次办法的商榷

对《篮球比赛名次排列办法的现状与改革试验》一文 (发表在《中国体育科技》杂志 1 999年第 5期 )作者的勇于探索精神予以肯定 ,并对该文提出的淡化场次胜负的决定性 ,以积分率排列比赛名次方法以及“胜率”概念、消极比赛现象等问题提出商榷     

基于GPS数据的电离层模型和电离层延迟改正新方法研究(英)

根据大地测量、地球物理、空间物理和导航等领域的若干重要GPS科研项目的需要,系统研究了电离层延迟的高精度模拟和改正方法。报告的内容主要涉及GPS系统的电离层延迟的高精度改正,如何通过修正静、动态单、双频用户的电离层延迟影响,进一步改善GPS测量的精度和可靠性,改进增强型GPS广域差分系统的电离层模拟及利用GPS监测电离层的理论和方法等。     

光敏引发剂α-羟基环己基苯甲酮合成的改进

以苯甲醛、镁、溴代环己烷、溴等为主要原料,经 4步反应合成了光敏引发剂α 羟基环己基苯甲酮,改进了其制备过程中第二步的氧化和第三步溴代反应。其中第二步是以氯仿作溶剂,新洁尔灭作相转移催化剂,在室温下进行反应。与原工艺比较,副产物少,后处理简单,收率高。第三步是以四氯化碳作溶剂,醋酸作催化剂进行溴代反应。改进后的合成方法具有工艺简单、成本低、收率高等特点。     

谈汽车防疲劳驾驶技术

文章从汽车防疲劳驾驶技术的研究现状背景出发,重点介绍了当前汽车防疲劳驾驶技术的方法和手段,分析了各种驾驶员疲劳监测技术存在的不足以及当前研究工作存在的问题,并提出了今后该技术的发展方向,为后期的研究工作打下良好基础。     

高等师范院校中文专业课程体系的回顾与改革构想

本文对高师中文专业现行课程体系进行了回顾与剖析，认为它曾经培养出大批人才，支撑起半个世纪共和国的教育大厦，其功不可没；但随着时代的发展，即种以传授知识为中心的教育原则已难以适应时代与社会的需求，改革势在必行，文章阐述了在当今教育活动中知识传授与能力培养及素质提高之间的关系，并在此基础上提出了21世纪高师中文专业课程体系新的改革构想。     

[0,1]上四重多小波包的分解与重构

给出了[0,1]区间上四重多小波包的定义及其分解与重构算法。     

半p-拟凸函数的一些性质及应用

本文在半P-不变凸集和半（P,r）-前-不变凸函数的基础上,提出了与半（p,r）-前-不变凸函数相关的一类广义凸函数——半P-拟凸函数,探讨了它与一些熟知的广义凸函数间的关系和它的有关性质,以及这类广义函数的局部极小点与全局极小点的关系．     

论人的解放——解读《白轮船》

人的归宿不仅是一个古老的哲学命题，也是文学史上永恒的主题，它令古今中外千千万万的人为之牵肠而辗转不寐。《白轮船》表达了人不能获得最终的解放在于人因对物质与他人的过分依赖，导致人的精神萎缩与痛苦这一主题。     

Chemical equilibrium and Newton's third law of motion: Ontogeny/phylogeny revisited

Evolution of the concept of chemical equilibrium has been strongly influenced by Newtonian mechanics. Even in the late nineteenth century scientists viewed chemical equilibrium as resulting from, an equality of the contending forces, that is, the forward and the reverse reactions. The main purpose of this article is to show that freshman students conceptualize the rates of the forward and reverse reactions in chemical equilibrium as forces, perhaps in the same sense as used in the evolution of the concept of chemical equilibrium and student misconceptions about Newton's third law of motion. Results obtained show that at least some students consider the forward and reverse reactions as a sort of chemical analogue of Newton's third law of motion. Based on this interpretation, it is plausible to hypothesize that student conceptualization of the forward and reverse reactions as forces is ontogenetically (Piaget & Garcia, 1983) a step towards, the deeper understanding of a dynamic chemical equilibrium, leading to a progressive problemshift (Lakatos, 1970). In spite of the commonalities between psychogenesis and the history of science, it is important to point out that ontogenesis is not an exact and detailed recapitulation of phylogenesis. Results obtained in this study and their interpretation are important, as they help us to anticipate student utilization of Newton's third law in understanding chemical equilibrium, before the dynamic nature of equilibrium is understood.