应用文习作互评与学生综合能力培养

在应用写作课教学中,采取适当方法指导学生写作是教学的主要内容,对学生习作进行评讲也是教学过程的重要环节。从学生能力拓展的角度,探索应用文习作评改的新思路,以期达到培养学生综合能力的目的,最终实现应用文写作教学的总目标。     

MOOC背景下基于推荐机制的提高同伴互评效果的研究

随着Web2．0技术的不断发展,大规模开放在线课程（ MOOCs）以其免费、方便、省时、高质量和不受时间和空间限制等特征迅速在全球兴起。然而,作为一种新兴的课程模式,用于评估学习者作业的同伴互评环节由于设置过于简单,存在评阅者态度粗鲁、评价效率低下等问题,并不能取得令人满意的效果。针对如何提高大规模开放课程中同伴互评的效果这一问题,通过建立基于推荐机制的提高同伴互评效果的推荐模型,为学生作业分配较为合适的评阅人,从而达到优化同伴互评过程并提高学习者满意度的目的。     

Workplace Relationship Quality and Employee Information Experiences

This study examined the extent to which the amount and quality of work‐related information employees received was associated with the quality of their relationships with peer co‐workers and their immediate supervisors. Results indicated that supervisor–subordinate relationship quality was positively related to both the amount and quality of information employees received from their immediate supervisor. In addition, employees’ proportions of information peer relationships were negatively related, and their proportions of collegial peer relationships were positively related, to the quality of information they received from their co‐workers. Regression analyses also indicated that the quality of information employees received from their supervisors and co‐workers was positively related to their job satisfaction and commitment to the organization.     

Correlates of verbally aggressive communication in adolescents

This investigation identifies demographic, media, and social correlates of verbally aggressive communication in adolescence. Mail surveys were completed and returned by 2,300 adolescents between the ages of 13 and 15. These adolescents were asked about the prevalence of verbal and physical aggression, the context in which it occurred, demographics, and the interpersonal and media influences in their lives. The results indicate that verbal aggression is widespread, that committing and experiencing verbal aggression is largely reciprocal, that there is a strong relationship between committing verbal and physical aggression, and that peer social influence and listening to violently oriented music are mildly related to verbal aggression in adolescents. These findings suggest more resources should be allocated to teaching adolescents to understand and control verbal aggression. Further, they provide important answers to many prevention and intervention programmatic questions, including context, content, and targeting concerns. Since the negative consequences of verbal aggression are severe and long lasting, decreasing this destructive communication behavior should significantly improve the lives of many adolescents. These and other practical implications are expanded upon and discussed.     

Predicting Employee Turnover from Friendship Networks

Employees (n=40) at a fast-food restaurant were surveyed about characteristics of their position and their level of satisfaction. Employees were then asked to report with whom they regularly communicated inside and outside the workplace and to indicate how close they were to employees with whom they were linked. Employee turnover was measured after three months had elapsed. A goal of the research was to replicate a model of employee turnover that predicts employees more central in their social network to be less likely to leave, and to test a social support explanation of the centrality model. The results indicated that employees who reported a greater number of out-degree links with friends were less likely to leave. The number of in-degree links with friends did not significantly predict turnover, and neither did network links with peers. Friendship prestige, measured by the number of in-degree links, was strongly correlated with relational closeness and amount of time spent with employees outside the workplace.     

“隔”与“隐”——老子“小国寡民”思想的文学阐释

"小国寡民"作为一种对理想社会的畅想,与后来陶渊明笔下的"桃花源"以及历代文人的隐逸情节都有着密切的联系。远离尘嚣的桃花源给我们提供了一个与世隔绝的世外桃源,呈现了一种"隔"的理想,而隐逸文人更是将"隐"作为追求生命舒展的一种手段,与老子美称的"至治"理想,在心理上共同达到了一种对现实彼岸生活的描述与喟叹。     

College Students' Sexual Health: Investigating the Role of Peer Communication

This study used the Theory of Planned Behavior as a guide to investigate college students' discussions with their peers about sexual health-related topics. Two hundred thirty-one undergraduates from a large university completed a questionnaire that assessed their comfort level discussing sexual health-related issues, the topics discussed, and the sex of the discussion partners. Some of the topics most frequently discussed included birth control, condoms, sexually transmitted diseases, and resources. Although a majority of the participants felt comfortable talking with both males and females, participants felt more comfortable discussing with their own gender than the opposite gender, and were in general more comfortable talking with females than males. Results showed that most students felt comfortable discussing sexual health-related topics with their peers, with females reporting a slightly higher comfort level than males.     

Preschool Routines,Peer Learning and Participation

The aim of this study was to examine what children learn spontaneously from each other in everyday activities within the preschool culture. It involves an interpretation and analysis of specific situations, which focus on the spontaneous learning that occurs in children's actions and communication . Everyday activities in preschool are associated with routines in situations like meals, circle time and play activities. In these situations children have opportunities to learn about rules, ways of acting, routines, codes and discursive practices; knowledge and skills which are often tacit but which children learn from each other through social practices.     

Peer interaction in Andalusia and Holland: A comparative study

Abstract

The relative scarcity of studies of cultural variations in peer interaction served as impetus for the present study. In this investigation, differences in peer interaction (child age: about 5 years) in Andalusia and Holland were examined both in an urban and a rural settings. Observational data were analysed with special interest on the collectivism-individualism dimension. Results showed that Andalusian children displayed a stronger tendency than Dutch children to function as part of a social group. However, this tendency was more clearly present in the Andalusian rural than in the urban setting. No cultural differences were found with respect to sociometric ratings. Results were discussed in terms of ecological factors in cross-cultural research.     

Adult recognition of school bullying situations

Bullying and harassment by school peers has received increasing attention as their relation to personal problems and more extreme forms of violence has become better recognized. Emphases of empirical studies have focused on characteristics and behaviours of both school bullies and their victims. There is a need to place these traits and actions into the context of the situation in which they occur, in order to expand the research and allow for the development of more sophisticated and comprehensive educational, prevention and intervention programmes. A total 251 professionals (teachers and counsellors) participated in this empirical study on the ability of professionals to differentiate between bullying and other forms of conflict. Participants were asked to judge the severity of 21 scenarios depicting different combinations of situational characteristics and also whether they constituted bullying situations or not. Results indicated that physical threat or abuse was seen as more severe than verbal or social/emotional abuse, and professionals more often rated physical conflicts as bullying even when they did not fit the definition. The repeated nature of an abusive relationship and an unfair match between participants were bullying situation characteristics found to be related to the responses of more and less effective situation evaluators. Implications for pre- and in-service training of educators were considered based on study results and previous research.