关于构建电子商务个人信用体系的探讨

本文分析了电子商务个人信用体系的特点及其在社会信用体系中的地位，对网络个人信用系统的工作流程进行了简要评述，并对我国电子商务个人信用体系的建设提出了几点建议。     

Domesticating Computers and the Internet

The people who use computers and the ways they use them have changed substantially over the past 25 years. In the beginning highly educated people, mostly men, in technical professions used computers for work, but over time a much broader range of people are using computers for personal and domestic purposes. This trend is still continuing, and over a shorter time scale has been replicated with the use of the Internet. This paper uses data from four national surveys to document how personal computers and the Internet have become increasingly domesticated since 1995 and to explore the mechanisms for this shift. Now people log on more often from home than from places of employment and do so for pleasure and for personal purposes rather than for their jobs. Analyses comparing veteran Internet users to novices in 1998 and 2000 and analyses comparing the change in use within a single sample between 1995 and 1996 support two complementary explanations for how these technologies have become domesticated. Women, children, and less well-educated individuals are increasingly using computers and the Internet and have a more personal set of motives than well-educated men. In addition, the widespread diffusion of the PC and the Internet and the response of the computing industry to the diversity in consumers has led to a rich set of personal and domestic services.     

高校及科研院所机构协同创新绩效的影响因素研究——基于社会网络的视角

本文以联盟管理、社会网络理论为基础，以参与“2011计划”协同创新中心的合作单位为研究对象，从组织声誉、联盟经验和网络中心性三个维度，对高校、科研院所的产学研合作协同创新绩效的影响因素进行了研究。在对国内外相关理论研究进行梳理与回顾的基础上，提出研究问题并建立实证研究模型，并利用二手数据进行分析验证。最终得到以下结论：（1）高校及科研院所的组织声誉与协同创新绩效之间的关系不显著；（2）高校及科研院所的联盟经验与协同创新绩效之间存在显著的正相关关系；（3）高校及科研院所在协同创新合作网络中所处位置的中心性对其联盟经验与协同创新绩效之间的关系起部分中介作用；（4）政府合作对高校及科研院所在协同创新合作网络中所处位置的中心性与其创新绩效之间关系的调节作用不显著。     

Approaches to studying and perceptions of the academic environment among university students in Pakistan

There has been a paucity of research on the experiences of students at Pakistani universities. A survey of over 900 students at two universities examined their approaches to studying and perceptions of their courses. Evidence was obtained for a deep approach, a surface approach and two aspects of a strategic approach. Their perceptions were based upon the instructional practices, the acquisition of generic skills, the appropriateness of the assessment and of their workload, and the available learning resources. A higher‐order analysis revealed two broad dimensions of the student experience in Pakistan. Students who had positive perceptions tended to adopt a deep approach, to prefer courses, teaching and assessment that supported their understanding and to be engaged and reliable in their studies. However, students who had negative perceptions tended to adopt a surface approach and to prefer courses, teaching and assessment that reinforced this approach through the bare transmission of information.     

公众档案:一个正在兴起的研究领域

公众档案研究主要关注与公众档案有关的各种现象,是一个正在兴起的研究领域。从横向来看,公众档案研究包括三个聚焦点,即个人存档、民间文献与社群档案。从纵向来看,公众档案研究包括三个层面,即基础层、阐释层与应用层。公众档案研究的产生与发展,是社会实践发展与理论思潮演变的结果,深入开展公众档案研究有重要的理论意义与实践意义。     

体验经济背景下的武术传播研究

文章以体验经济时代为背景,以体验为研究视角,针对体验经济背景下的武术传播展开研究。文章以体验主题、体验强度、体验类别三个方面为基点,就武术在传播渠道、传播对象、传播效果中出现的＂官主竞技,民主传统＂、＂少习竞技,老习传统＂＂、竞技主导,传统衰退＂等问题提出了相应的对策。并提出了体验经济背景下武术传播的三个主要方向：科学养生方向、创新演艺方向和体验式旅游方向,提出了武术在传播中应遵循的四个主要原则：整体化、简单化、层次化和休闲化。     

图书馆的个人信息保护义务及立法完善

图书馆是个人信息保护的重要场所,一些国家和地区对图书馆的读者个人信息保护义务有相关规定,但是法律层次不高。我国现行法律虽已将个人信息纳入民事权益加以保护,但立法上欠缺完善的配套规定。因此,我国图书馆法中应当明确该义务及法律责任对推进图书馆法治建设的重要意义,在法律上明确规定图书馆个人信息保护的基本职责、利用读者个人信息的基本内容和程序、违反该义务应承担的法律责任。     

自“名”而“动” 由“人”及“物”——中国古代“媒介”概念的意义变迁

本文运用历史语义学方法,考察了媒介这一传播学关键词在古代中国的意义变迁过程,发现其最早见于西晋杜预的《春秋经传集解》,而非国内传播学教材中普遍认为的《旧唐书》。它最早的意思是媒人和引荐者,该词义在历史文献中一直延续下来,反映了古代中国人在人际传播中对于仪式感的重视。到晚清,媒介的词义发生变化:一是增加了动词的词性,并开始指代更宽泛意义的介绍人;二是超越了指代人的范畴,开始指代起连接、交流作用的事物。这种变化反映了人们传播观念的变化,其原因主要是封建社会的解体和外来文化的进入,这也导致了现代意义中的媒介概念在近代文献中的出现。     

审美——走向心富

美在身边,美在心间——有人对美的存在视而不见,听而不闻,就是因为他们没有回到当下,没有关注自己的心灵,而是太多地把自己放置于扰攘而纷乱的外在场域中,包括随波逐流,追赶时尚,等等;审美发现是一种快乐,也是一种幸福——它需要有设身处地的感受、体验,需要有心灵的审视和情感的抚摸,要经过一个由生理感受转化为心理感受的过程;审美——走向心富。审美与心富是互为关系的,即,人的心灵的观照使审美成为可能,而审美实践的进行,则更有益于人的精神世界的丰富,以及人生境界的提升。对于审美者而言,其中往往即含蕴了或可意会的幸福感。     

Dynamic reciprocal relations of achievement goals with daily experiences of academic success and failure: An ambulatory assessment study

Achievement goals have been linked to achievement in various educational settings. The present work explored day-to-day variations in achievement goals (mastery, performance-approach, performance-avoidance) and their associations with daily experiences of academic success and failure. Ambulatory assessment data from 108 students in Grade 5 were collected, with daily assessments of achievement goals in the morning and end-of-day reports of academic success and failure. Dynamic structural equation models revealed reciprocal within-person effects between mastery goals and academic success. Academic success was further associated with higher mastery and performance-approach goals in the next morning. Academic failure was linked to both performance goals, though this association was not robust in all sensitivity analyses. Higher average daily academic success and lower average academic failure were linked to better academic achievement one year later. Findings suggest meaningful within-person dynamics among goals and daily academic success and failure.