集中式生活饮用水地表水源地中有机磷农药残留量的检测

采用岛津GC-QP2010气质联用仪,建立了集中式生活饮用水地表水源地中5种有机磷农药残留量的气相色谱-质谱检测方法。方法的检出限为0.001ng―0.05ng,加标回收率为88.3%―107.4%,本方法与GB13192-91《水质有机磷农药的测定》比较,其检出限、精密度和加标回收率均显出明显优势,符合国家对集中式生活饮用水地表水源地中有机物污染的监测要求。     

An index method to evaluate growers' pesticide use for identifying on-farm innovations and effective alternative pest management strategies: a case study of winegrape in Madera County, California

Winegrape is an important perennial crop in California, USA. Each year California winegrape farming consumes about 20 million kilograms of pesticides that have been a pollutant source to the fresh water systems of the state. The variation of pesticide use among winegrape growers has been significant. It has been observed that some growers have developed effective ways to reduce pesticide use, yet control pests efficiently to ensure harvest. Identification of the growers with low and high pesticide use is very helpful to extension programs that aim on reducing pesticide environmental risk. In this study, an index approach is proposed to quantitatively measure pesticide use intensity at grower level. An integrated pesticide use index is developed by taking pesticide quantity and toxicity into account. An additive formula and a multiplying formula were used to calculate the pesticide use index, i.e., PUI and PUIM. It was found that both PUI and PUIM were capable of identifying the low and high pesticide users while PUI was slightly more conservative than PUIM. All pesticides used in California winegrape farming were taken into account for calculating the indices. Madera County, one of the largest winegrape producers in California, was taken as an example to test the proposed approach. In year 2000, among the total 208 winegrape growers, 28 with PUI≤10 and 34 with 10<PUI≤20 were identified as low pesticide users who were characterized with both low quantity and low toxicity of pesticide use. Most of the growers had small-sized vineyards, i.e., one field and small planted areas. Furthermore, they had very low pesticide use intensity, used only 1–2 types of pesticides (mainly fungicides), applied few pesticides (1–3 only), and emphasized the use of low toxicity compounds. Meanwhile, 19 growers with PUI>60, identified as high pesticide users, had large-sized vineyards, i.e., more fields and large planted areas. They used all types of pesticides and many compounds, which indicated that their pest controls heavily depended on pesticides rather than on-farm management. Through the case study, the proposed approach proved to be useful for analyzing the growers’ pesticide use intensities and interpreting their pesticide use behaviors, which led to a new start point for further investigation of searching ways to reduce pesticide environmental risk.     

留数定理在广义积分中的应用

在实际问题中,往往需要计算广义积分,有些广义积分的计算如果用数学分析中计算广义积分的方法往往是十分麻烦的,但如果应用留数定理来计算就显得比较简洁.     

果园自动对靶喷雾机的研制--对靶喷雾技术的研究

将红外探测技术、自动控制技术使用于喷雾机上,研制了新型的农药喷雾机具--果园自动对靶喷雾机.本文详细介绍了喷雾机的对靶喷雾技术.试验表明该机具有良好的性能,较好的解决了现行果园中存在的农药浪费,污染环境等问题.     

青海省六类农产品中农药残留分析与评价

本文结合“青海省重点地区绿色食品生产基地布局研究”课题,参照绿色食品评价方法和相关国家标准,从课题拟定的绿色食品产区采集了6类20个初级农产品,对其所含的五种农药残留进行了检测、分析、评价。结果表明,被测产品中,六六六、DDT、2,4－D、氟乐灵、燕麦畏等五种农药残留量均符合国标及绿色食品的有关标准要求。     

二卤代菊酸系列化合物的合成

二卤代菊酸系列是拟除虫菊酯类有机化合物中的一类 .本文只从有机合成的角度 ,系统地讨论二卤代菊酸系列有机化合物的合成方法及其研究进展     

利用当地植物自制土农药

利用博落回,羊踯躅等植物制成土农药,杀灭病虫害效果好,成本低、无污染。     

北京城市园林中赤子爱胜蚓体内有机氯农药污染研究

选取北京具有代表性的23个公园及生活小区作为采样区,研究各采样区中赤子爱胜蚓体内持久性有机氯农药滴滴涕（DDTs）和六六六（HCHs）的含量和来源．结果表明,赤子爱胜蚓体中的DDTs和HCHs总浓度分别为18．97—11129．75μg·kg^-1和0．65—44．78μg·kg^-1．赤子爱胜蚓体内存在较高浓度DDTs暗示其可能对公园的生态系统和食物链有潜在危害．根据DDTs各异构体含量特征比（p,p＇-DDE／p．p＇-DDT平均值：5．07;o,p＇-DDT／p,p＇-DDT 平均值：0．76）可以推断出部分园林环境中很可能有新的污染源存在．     

蔬菜中甲氰菊酯农药残留检测方法的建立

建立一种测定蔬菜中甲氰菊酯农药残留的气相色谱方法,试样中甲氰菊酯经有机溶剂萃取,弗罗里矽柱净化,以GC-ECD方法测定,外标法定量.本方法对甲氰菊酯农药的平均回收率为102.5%,相对标准偏差5.16%,最低检出浓度为0.0047mg/kg,符合农药残留检测要求.该方法简便快捷、灵敏度高,适用于蔬菜中甲氰菊酯农药残留量的测定.     

基于MSP430的农药浓度自动配兑装置

为解决传统手动配比农药的不足,优化配兑过程,保护使用者安全,实现多比例、快速度、高精度的配兑操作,设计一个可移动式农药浓度自动配兑装置。该装置利用MSP430系列单片机通过对电机的有效控制以及对流量数据的算法处理,实现具有自动配兑功能的农药喷洒装置。文章利用MSP430系列单片机实现对农药自动配兑和喷洒的控制过程,通过反复的实践和测试,这种农药浓度自动配兑装置稳定性好;配兑过程全部在密闭容器中进行,配兑的安全性高。