Swimming against the tide: philosophy for children as counter-cultural practice

Philosophy for children (P4C), rooted in the Socratic Method and constructivist and pragmatic assumptions, is a dialogic and democratic pedagogy which teaches pupils to philosophise; to develop multi-dimensional modes of thinking through discussion of questions which connect with all human experience. Despite a wide range of research, both national and international, citing P4C's efficacy in promoting children's cognitive and affective skills the researcher observed that within her own Local Authority P4C failed in most cases to become established in the schools that had trained in this approach. As a consequence the researcher set out to explore teacher's perceptions of the factors determining the implementation of P4C in the classroom using a qualitative research methodology. Teachers do not teach in a vacuum; they are situated in a social, political and economic context which is broader than the classroom or the school. In order to better understand ‘the considerations which bear upon curricular action’, this paper will begin with a discussion of the wider policy context in which P4C is operating before moving on to explore the educational assumptions and practice of P4C and the extent to which these values and practices cohere with those espoused through the wider policy context. The researcher will then discuss the findings from qualitative interviews conducted with a small group of geographically dispersed primary school teachers in England. This paper argues that the ideology of economic rationalism, promulgated through educational policy and manifest in a culture of performativity and short-termism in the classroom, exposes conflicts of values for primary teachers with regard to the implementation of P4C which appear to suggest that P4C in the current educational climate represents counter-cultural practice.     

论构建和谐高校的哲学意蕴

和谐高校的建设是一个系统、规模的长期工程,构建和谐高校是新时期贯彻落实科学发展观、构建以人为本和谐社会的伟大使命;深刻理解和谐校园的充分内涵,是构建和谐高校的前提和关键;以人为本,多管齐下,力谋和谐,是构建和谐高校、实现第二次飞跃的全力着眼点。     

高校图书馆网上参考咨询服务工作探讨

基于高速传输的网络技术,依托丰富的数字化和网络信息资源,图书馆开展网上参考咨询服务已成为发展趋势.本文讨论了高校图书馆开展网上信息咨询服务的可行性及方式、方法.     

论人才异化

异化是马克思主义哲学的一个重要概念，将这一概念援引入人才学，十分必要。人才异化的界定有两种方式。以人才本身为主体的人才并化现象在现代社会愈演愈烈。受卢卡奇物化理论的启发和马克思劳动并化论思路的引导，从哲学上对人才异化的现象和规定性进行分析，有助于提高人们对这一现象的理论认识。     

Impact of philosophical enquiry on school students’ interactive behaviour

To be effective, thinking skills interventions are likely to require specific fine-grain changes in the quantity and quality of teacher–pupil and pupil–pupil dialogue in the classroom, but these are difficult to establish. This study investigated the effects of collaborative philosophical enquiry over time on quantity and quality of interactive dialogue in 180 children aged 10 in 4 intervention and 2 comparison primary (elementary) mainstream classes in 6 schools in Scotland. Participating teachers received initial and follow-up professional development. Matched comparison classes received regular teaching. Video recordings of teacher-led and pupil–pupil classroom discussions before, and 7 months into, participation in the programme were analyzed. These were related to a theoretical model of the process. Changes in intervention classes included increased use of open-ended questions by the teacher, increased participation of pupils in classroom dialogue, and improved pupil reasoning in justification of opinions. There were no changes in comparison classes. Variation in degree of change between intervention schools was evident. Implications for future research, policy and practice are outlined, particularly for enhancing consistency and expanding the programme.     

软件工程硕士专业课教学中科学思维与创新思维能力的培养

软件从业人员的人文素质和科学素养决定了中国软件产业的未来。软件人才教育必须重视科学人文底蕴的积淀,而不应局限于知识的传授和实践能力的提高。该文着重探讨了如何针对软件学院的办学目标和特色,在教学中培养软件工程硕士的科学思维和创新思维能力,并引导其从哲学角度思考软件开发与设计中的问题。     

唐君毅之哲学方法

唐君毅对中西哲学家所用之基本方法,皆有所通观与反省。唐君毅所运用之哲学方法,最基本和最广泛者有四:契会法、层层转进法、超越反省法与开阖法,而以超越反省法为基本,开阖法为更根本之大法。     

生物技术"两面性"的哲学认识

近代以来,特别是进入新世纪以来,科学技术特别是技术的发展突飞猛进,并日益渗透到社会生活的各个领域,给人类的生产生活带来了极大的影响。人们在普遍享用现代技术所带来的福祉的同时,也无奈地吞噬着技术发展和滥用所带来的累累苦果。生物技术既是人类生活的福音,又是人类的祸害;人类在生物技术面前,应当选择福音,规避祸害。     

信息科学视野中的概率哲学问题——评吉利斯对概率逻辑的哲学解释

人工智能的发展导致了概率理论尤其是贝叶斯网络理论的显著改革,这些改革冲击着科学哲学的三个中心问题:贝叶斯主义与非贝叶斯主义的争论;概率的解释;因果性和概率的关系。吉利斯对这些问题进行了哲学的探讨,他认为,客观概率的使用符合波普尔的统计测验方法,而主观概率的使用符合贝叶斯形式的方法。     

“英国学派”国际关系理论概观

本文简要回顾了英国学派的发展历程 ,并着重从思想方法、理论视域和伦理取向三个方面讨论了英国学派的学术传统、理论特色和演变趋势。英国学派的基本学术特征表现为以理性主义和传统主义为主流的多元主义思想方法 ,国际体系、国际社会与世界社会的三重视角以及非完美主义的情势伦理观 ,总体上曲折反映了英国等中等强国和部分中小发达国家的独特处境和国际政治诉求。尽管在历史观、政治哲学、本体论、价值观等方面都不无缺陷 ,国际社会理论在当代条件下仍然具有独特价值。其统一与多样并存的研究格局以及在美国“主流”之外独立发展的经验 ,对于国际关系理论的中国式探索具有启发意义。