Can individuals with Down syndrome acquire alphabetic literacy skills in the absence of phoneme awareness?

Two studies investigating the relationship betweenphoneme awareness and word reading ability in Downsyndrome (DS) are reported. The first study included33 Brazilian individuals with DS (mean age = 23years). They all had begun to read and all showedclear signs of phonological recoding skills. Thirty-three normal children (mean age = 7 years),matched with the individuals with DS for readingability, participated as controls. The second studyincluded individuals with DS with a wider range ofreading ability: a group of 46 readers (mean age = 22years) and a group of 47 nonreaders (mean age = 18years). The results question Cossu, Rossini, andMarshall's (1993a) claim that phoneme awareness is notrelated to alphabetic reading acquisition in DS.Although the individuals with DS who participated inthe first study performed rather poorly on a task thatpresupposes the ability to explicitly manipulatephonological representations, they performed quitewell on a task assessing the ability to detectphonemic similarities in words. We suggest that it wasthis ability that enabled them to acquire phonologicalrecoding skills as well as they did, despite theircognitive limitations. The results of the second studywere consistent with this interpretation. The abilityto detect phonemic similarities in wordssignificantly differentiated between the readers andthe nonreaders, even after we controlled forvariations in letter knowledge, intelligence, andchronological age.     

单汉字标引方法的改进研究

本文根据信息论中的交互信息,给出了相邻汉字相关度的测量方法,在此基础上提出了基于字串预分割的单汉字标引检索方法,对当前具有代表性的单汉字标引方法进行了改进研究。试验证明本文提出的方法具有较好的性能     

分析眼球活动的序列图像处理系统

由ＣＣＤ摄像装置、视频信号采集卡和个人计算机构成的眼球活动分析系统能实时地跟踪、分析病人眼睛凝视点的变化规律．本系统应用图像分割和快速边缘检测技术精确测定眼睛注视位置,根据预定准则分析凝视点的空间和时间分布,为精神病临床检查和医学研究提供了重要依据．文中给出了一个凝视点分析实例     

Developing phonological awareness and word recognition skills: A two-year intervention with low-income,inner-city children

Low-income, inner-city children were involved in a two-year intervention delivered in the regular classroom by regular classroom teachers to develop phonological awareness and word recognition skills. For the treatment children, an 11-week phoneme awareness program in kindergarten was followed by a first grade reading program (extended to grade 2 for some children) that emphasized explicit, systematic instruction in the alphabetic code. Control children participated in the school district's regular basal reading program. Both groups participated in a phonetically-based spelling program mandated by the district. At the end of grade 1, treatment children (n = 66) significantly outperformed control children (n = 62) on measures of phonological awareness, letter name and letter sound knowledge, and three measures of word recognition, and reached marginal significance (0.056) on a fourth. They also significantly outperformed the control children on two measures of spelling. One year later, at the end of grade 2, the treatment children (n = 58) significantly outperformed the control children (n = 48) on all four measures of word recognition. For the groups as a whole, there were no differences on the one measure of spelling readministered at the end of grade 2. However, there were significant differences in spelling between the treatment (n = 16) and control children (n = 13) who remained in the bottom quartile of spellers at the end of grade 2 when partial credit was given for phonetically correct spelling, and significant differences in reading favoring these treatment children on all four measures of word recognition.     

基于小波变换的红外热图像分割方法的研究

利用小波分析对局部具有良好的时域和频域分辨率的特点,将其引入红外热图像分割中,提出一种基于小波变换的多分辨率门限选法,这种方法不仅能有效地克服红外热图像固有的缺陷,而且改变了传统分割方法中人为选取阈值参数的作法。     

音位与思想共鸣--英语诗歌欣赏探析

音位是具有辩义功能的最小语音单位。音位与文体的关系密切,具有明显的文体特征,音位的文体特征在诗歌中尤为明显。诗作者为表达其独特的思想,从而选择含有某些特殊音位的词来表达,使诗歌的外在形式与思想内容完美结合起来,达到音位与思想共鸣的效果。     

基于分块和统计相结合的新闻正文抽取

本文提出一种结合网页分块与统计的方法来抽取新闻类网页中的正文。首先,在网页解析的基础上根据标签信息对网页进行分块处理,并计算出每一个内容块的实际长度;其次,在得到内容块的长度集合后,计算这些内容块长度的均值,同时利用方差能反映一组数据的波动大小的特性,按内容块长度降序排列并依次计算去掉最大内容块后的方差变化情况,寻找最有可能的正文内容块;最后随机选取了一些新闻网页进行测试,结果显示准确率可达96%,充分证明了该方法的有效性。     

大学生图书市场细分实证研究

市场细分是市场营销理论重要的组成部分,企业对目标市场的选择也应建立在市场细分的基础上。本文引出利益细分的方法,结合多元统计方法中的因子分析,对大学生在购书时所追求的利益进行实证分析,为细分市场的理论和实际操作提供了新的思路。     

高分辨率掌纹图像的分割

研究了高分辨率掌纹图像的分割方法问题,将均值、标准差作为标准,实现了由纹线组成的掌纹图像的前景分割。对于手指部分的干扰,将其分为孤立的手指部分和与手掌相连的手指部分分别进行处理,利用区域生长法提取最大连通域达到去除孤立手指部分的目的;利用轮廓跟踪法比较CD、PD距离,定位与手掌相连的手指部分的位置,从而实现将其去除的目标。实验结果表明,该方法很好地实现了高分辨率掌纹图像的分割,为后续的特征提取工作奠定了基础。     

Target region location based on texture analysis and active contour model

Traditional texture region location methods with Gabor features are often limited in the selection of Gabor filters and fail to deal with the target which contains both texture and non-texture parts.Thus,to solve this problem,a two-step new model was proposed.In the first step,the original features extracted by Gabor filters are applied to training a self-organizing map (SOM) neural network and a novel merging scheme is presented to achieve the clustering.A back propagation (BP) network is used as a classifier to locate the target region approximately.In the second step,Chan-Vese active contour model is applied to detecting the boundary of the target region accurately and morphological processing is used to create a connected domain whose convex hull can cover the target region.In the experiments,the proposed method is demonstrated accurate and robust in localizing target on texture database and practical barcode location system as well.