基于客体特质模式识别的R&D人员绩效竞优评价研究

为适应经济社会和技术环境的快速变化,依据竞优理论,从客体特质模式识别的角度对RD人员的绩效进行分析和评价。首先,基于对RD人员不同绩效价值的认同,从体现RD人员个体优势的角度对其特质进行识别;其次,通过聚类分析的方法对RD人员的个性特质进行共性提炼,得到RD人员特质的不同模式;然后,从兼顾RD人员数量和信息一致性的角度,计算各模式的权重值,从而获得各RD人员的绩效评价值;最后以15名RD人员为例,对所提方法的可行性和有效性进行验证。     

Sustainable career development for R&D professionals: Applying a career development system in Basque country

The goal of this study is to measure the effectiveness of a career development system implemented at a research and technology organization at satisfying the context requirements of a decree issued by the Basque Country government. Through in-depth surveying of 80 R&D professionals over the five years, the authors aimed to determine whether a career development system, when it is linked to context requirements and researchers’ contributions, could offer researchers feedback about their career aims and increase their job satisfaction. During the five years of the study, the researchers’ capacity to meet career requirements improved by 20%, and job satisfaction, although it declined at first, increased substantially in the last two years, reaching a historic high for the employee satisfaction survey.     

Electro-mechanically controlled assembly of reconfigurable 3D mesostructures and electronic devices based on dielectric elastomer platforms

The manufacture of 3D mesostructures is receiving rapidly increasing attention, because of the fundamental significance and practical applications across wide-ranging areas. The recently developed approach of buckling-guided assembly allows deterministic formation of complex 3D mesostructures in a broad set of functional materials, with feature sizes spanning nanoscale to centimeter-scale. Previous studies mostly exploited mechanically controlled assembly platforms using elastomer substrates, which limits the capabilities to achieve on-demand local assembly, and to reshape assembled mesostructures into distinct 3D configurations. This work introduces a set of design concepts and assembly strategies to utilize dielectric elastomer actuators as powerful platforms for the electro-mechanically controlled 3D assembly. Capabilities of sequential, local loading with desired strain distributions allow access to precisely tailored 3D mesostructures that can be reshaped into distinct geometries, as demonstrated by experimental and theoretical studies of ∼30 examples. A reconfigurable inductive–capacitive radio-frequency circuit consisting of morphable 3D capacitors serves as an application example.     

模仿行为与跨国公司在华研发机构的区位选择

本文主要研究了跨国公司在华研发机构的空间分布,指出北京和上海这两个城市存在外国研发机构过度集聚的现象。我们发现,传统的理性选择模型无法解释这一过度集中的现象。因此,本文基于区位选择的模仿行为模型,讨论了目前国内外资研发机构过度集中的问题。并进一步从树立城市形象、改善投资环境等方面分析了对国内其他二级城市①的启示。     

大学、企业研发与首都区域创新的局域空间计量分析

运用空间计量经济学的空间变系数回归模型--地理加权回归模型,在全国31个省级区域创新系统的大背景下,着重对首都区域创新及其影响因素进行了空间计量经济分析。全域估计结果发现:中国31个省域创新能力的贡献主要是由企业研发投入实现,大学研发对区域创新能力没有明显的贡献,大学研发与企业研发的结合也没有对区域创新表现出显著的作用。局域地理加权回归计量分析结果显示:首都地区的企业研发能力和人力资本对首都区域创新能力具有正向促进作用,首都强大的研发成果没能近距离扩散,对首都创新能力的形成没有提供应有的贡献。寻求建立大学研发与企业研发之间的技术转移渠道及相互作用机制是目前首都地区大学、企业研发与区域创新联动面临的一个关键问题。     

上海研发公共服务平台子系统间协同机制研究

上海研发公共服务平台是国家科技基础条件平台的重要组成部分,其十个子系统基本涵盖研发活动全过程.研发活动的综合性使其往往存在多种资源和服务需求,需要整体解决方案,但目前各子系统独立运行,子系统间需要协同.通过分析研发活动协同需求,确定协同内涵及目标,设计协同服务概念模型,对平台实施协同服务提出政策建议.     

集中连片特困地区贫困发生率的空间特征*--基于3D框架对武陵山片区的个案分析

扶持集中连片特殊困难地区脱贫致富是中国新一轮减贫的重点,片区扶贫是把片区作为主战场,以片区的形式组织扶贫开发。选取武陵山片区有代表性的41个县为样本,采用中国农村贫困监测报告的相关数据,基于密度、距离和整合的3D框架分析县域贫困发生率的影响因素,结果表明：与经济中心距离越远、基于面积的经济密度越高、扶贫资金越多的县,贫困发生率越高,反映出经济发展与扶贫工作不同步、偏远地区经济增长动力不足以及扶贫资金使用效率和扶贫精准度有待提高等问题。因此,应转变发展方式,实现县域经济密度和减贫绩效“双赢”;加快基础设施建设,缩小偏远地区与中心城市的经济距离;建立和完善精准扶贫、协作扶贫机制,提高扶贫资金使用效率。     

Injectable hybrid inorganic nanoscaffold as rapid stem cell assembly template for cartilage repair

Cartilage injuries are often devastating and most cannot be cured because of the intrinsically low regenerative capacity of cartilage tissues. Although stem-cell therapy has shown enormous potential for cartilage repair, the therapeutic outcome has been restricted by low survival rates and poor chondrocyte differentiation in vivo. Here, we report an injectable hybrid inorganic (IHI) nanoscaffold that facilitates fast assembly, enhances survival and regulates chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells. IHI nanoscaffolds that strongly bind to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins assemble stem cells through synergistic 3D cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions, creating a favorable physical microenvironment for stem-cell survival and differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, chondrogenic factors can be loaded into nanoscaffolds with a high capacity, which allows deep, homogenous drug delivery into assembled 3D stem-cell-derived tissues for effective control over the soluble microenvironment of stem cells. The developed IHI nanoscaffolds that assemble with stem cells are injectable. They also scavenge reactive oxygen species and timely biodegrade for proper integration into injured cartilage tissues. Implantation of stem-cell-assembled IHI nanoscaffolds into injured cartilage results in accelerated tissue regeneration and functional recovery. By establishing our IHI nanoscaffold-templated 3D stem-cell assembly method, we provide a promising approach to better overcoming the inhibitory microenvironment associated with cartilage injuries and to advance current stem-cell-based tissue engineering.     

知识产权环境与区域创新——金融发展的调节作用

综合考虑知识产权制度体系、服务体系和知识产权意识等因素,探索从金融发展的视角研究知识产权环境与区域创新的关系。利用我国31个省份2012—2019年的面板数据,用固定效应模型开展直接效应、间接传导、异质性传导机制分析,实证探究知识产权环境对区域创新的影响路径。结果表明,知识产权环境的优劣与区域创新产出有明显的正相关性,金融发展在知识产权环境对区域创新的直接和中介效应中存在明显的调节效应,改善知识产权环境可以增强金融对研发投入的促进作用,同时抑制金融对实体经济的挤出效应;相较于中、西部地区,知识产权环境改善对东部地区创新产出水平的提升作用较小。根据研究结果,从完善知识产权制度和知识产权服务体系以及树立知识产权意识3个方面提出对策建议。     

虚拟现实技术在高校教学中的应用研究

阐述了VR技术在高校教学中的优势,重点介绍了5种主流网络VR技术的性能特点和应用状况,同时论述了VR技术与教学相互促进和推动的发展趋势。