高效液相色谱法同时测定部分化妆品中的酸性橙7和碱性嫩黄O

建立了化妆品中酸性橙7和碱性嫩黄O的高效液相色谱法。方法以甲醇为萃取溶剂,过0.45μm滤膜过滤后,以0.02 mol/L乙酸铵和甲醇经反相色谱柱梯度洗脱后,采用二极管阵列检测器检测,并用外标法定量计算。在5.0~20.0 mg/kg的添加水平,回收率在83.9%~94.0%之间,变异系数在4.4%~7.2%之间。     

Cellulose degradation in the Vasa: The role of acids and rust

Abstract

The oak timbers of the Swedish warship Vasa are deteriorating. High amounts of oxalic acid have been found along with a low pH and low molecular weight cellulose deep in the wood timbers. The iron-rich surface wood differs from the interior wood in that it displays higher pH and cellulose with higher molecular weight. The objective of this study was to determine why there is a difference in cellulose degradation, pH, and oxalic acid amount between the surface region and the interior of the Vasa timbers. Analysis of cellulose weight average molecular weight by size exclusion chromatography was performed, as well as quantification of oxalic acid and iron by high-performance anion exchange chromatography and atomic emission spectroscopy, respectively. It was found that a decrease in iron content coincides with an increase in oxalic acid concentration and a drop in pH at a certain depth from the wood surface. When iron-rich surface wood samples from the Vasa were mixed with an aqueous solution of oxalic acid, a fast increase of pH over time was observed. Neither interior wood poor in iron nor the fresh oak reference showed the same neutralizing effect during the time of measurement. This indicates that the presence of iron (rust) causes a neutralization of the wood, through the formation of iron(III) oxalato complexes, thus protecting the wood from oxalic acid hydrolysis. This effect was not observed to the same extent for other acids observed in Vasa wood (sulfuric, formic, glycolic, and acetic acids).     

生物信息学中的马尔可夫模型

随着人类基因组研究的不断发展,在世界各个（Genbank,SwissPort等）数据库中积累了大量蛋白质、核酸序列数据,如何分析和处理这些数据以获得更多的信息成为科学家们关心的核心问题,并由此产生了生物信息学。文章介绍了在生物信息学研究中常见的几种用于数据库搜索、序列比较、建立蛋白质模型、发现新基因等研究的马尔可夫模型。     

酸性硫酸盐土的可持续利用技术及对策

在对酸性硫酸盐土的酸害爆发过程及其受控因素、可持续利用技术与对策进行探讨基础上,认为酸性硫酸盐土的酸害程度主要取决于土壤中黄铁矿的氧化、土壤的自我缓冲和酸性物质的运移在内的3个过程的相对强弱与综合作用结果;总结了包括水分管理与调控、生态培肥与耕作栽培3个方*酸性硫酸盐土;控制;可持续利用;技术;对策     

酸性环境抑制视网膜水平细胞NMDA受体活动

目的:研究酸性环境对NMDA受体的影响;方法:在分离的视网膜水平细胞上,施加不同pH值的含有NMDA和Glycine的Ringer液,测量NMDA受体电流;结果:低pH值对NMDA受体活动有抑制作用,半效抑制效应的pH值为6.6;结论:低pH值条件下,NMDA受体受到抑制,提示缺血等病理条件下的酸性环境抑制NMDA受体,起到保护作用。     

一种化学发光新体系测定抗坏血酸的抗氧化性

基于过氧化氢与Co2 反应产生的羟基自由基(HO·)氧化鸟嘌呤产生化学发光这一现象,研究了抗坏血酸的抗氧化性能.实验结果表明,抗坏血酸能有效地清除羟自由基,对鸟嘌呤的氧化损伤具有保护作用.该发光体系将能被用于抗羟基自由基药物的筛选.     

透明质酸在化妆品中的应用

透明质酸是具有特殊功能的一种线性大分子粘多糖，具有独特的保湿性能。它是构成皮肤细胞间质和细胞外基质的主要成分，具保水作用及高效的自由基“清道夫”的作用等。透明质酸作为一种理想的天然保湿因子，广泛应用于化妆品中。     

天仙子籽油中脂肪酸组成的研究

采用气相色谱法对天仙子籽油中脂肪酸的组成及相对含量进行了研究。鉴定了油酸、亚油酸等十种脂肪酸、其中油酸含量为１６．３２％,亚油酸含量高达７４．８１％。     

Heart rate and match analysis in pre-pubescent soccer players

The aim of this study was to compare match analysis (using video recordings) and the physiological load (heart rate measured every 5s, blood lactate measured after the warm-up, first half and second half) of six 11-year-old soccer players during official games of eleven-a-side on a regular-sized pitch (100×65m) and of seven-a-side on a smaller pitch (60×40m). In both games, heart rate exceeded 170 beats·min-1 84% of the time, while blood lactate ranged from 1.4 to 8.1 mmol·l-1 . No significant differences were recorded for the physiological parameters. For both matches, walking comprised 38% of total time, running 55%, inactivity 3% and jumping 3%. Although there were no significant differences between halves or matches, running for less than 10s was 10% more frequent in the seven-a-side game. In the seven-a-side game, there were significantly more passes and significantly fewer tackles, suggesting that seven-a-side matches played on smaller pitches may be more suitable for pre-pubescent soccer players.     

3-甲基-2-氧代丁酸的分离提纯工艺研究

以3-甲基-2-氧代丁酸的收率及纯度为目标函数,对三种分离以3-甲基-2-氧代丁酰甲酯水解所得到的3-甲基-2-氧代丁酸的工艺进行了对比实验,确定了较为经济的分离工艺,采用单因素实验与正交试验优化了分离提纯的工艺条件,先将3-甲基-2-氧代丁酰甲酯在碱性条件下的水解液直接用盐酸酸化,选择合适的有机溶剂萃取,减压浓缩得到3-甲基-2-氧代丁酸粗品,将粗品再进行分子蒸馏精制,得到纯度不小于98%的精品3-甲基-2-氧代丁酸晶体（温度〈10℃）。