Sport disciplines,types of sports,and waist circumference in young adulthood – a population-based twin study

Purpose: The benefits of physical activity (PA) in preventing abdominal obesity are well recognized, but the role of different sport disciplines remains open. We aimed, therefore, to investigate how participation in different sport disciplines, and the number and types of sports engaged in are associated with waist circumference (WC) in young adulthood. Methods: This population-based cohort study comprised 4027 Finnish twin individuals (1874 men), with a mean age of 34 y (32–37), who answered a survey, including self-measured WC. We extracted the number and identified the types (aerobic, power, and mixed) of the different sport disciplines respondents reported participating in. Results: The number of sport disciplines participated in was inversely associated with WC, the linear decrease averaging 1.38?cm (95% CI 1.10–1.65) per each additional sport discipline. The result persisted after adjustment for the main covariates, such as volume of PA and diet quality. Among dizygotic twin pairs discordant for sports participation (0–2 vs. 5 or more disciplines), the mean within-pair difference in WC was 4.8?cm (95% CI 0.4–9.1) for men and 11.2?cm (95% CI 4.4–18.0) for women; among discordant monozygotic pairs, no differences were observed. In men, all three types of sports were individually associated with smaller WC, while in women, only mixed and power sports showed this association. Conclusions: Participation in several sport disciplines and sport types was associated with smaller WC among young adults in their mid-30s. Shared genetic background may explain some of the associations.     

A short German Physical-Self-Concept Questionnaire for elementary school children (PSCQ-C): Factorial validity and measurement invariance across gender

Research on children’s physical self-concept (PSC) is increasingly recognised as an important field of psychology. However, there is a lack of instruments suitable for younger children at elementary school age. In the present study, a short German 21-item Physical Self-Concept-Questionnaire for children (PSCQ-C) was tested measuring seven specific facets of elementary school children’s PSC (strength, endurance, speed, flexibility, coordination, physical appearance, global sport competence). A number of 770 elementary school children aged 8–12 years completed the PSCQ-C. Results showed good psychometric properties and high reliabilities of the seven scales. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the presumed 7-factor model fitted the data best compared to a global 1- and 2-factor model. Also, full measurement invariance was strongly established. Correlations among the seven scales were mainly moderate. Gender differences were suggestive of developmental trends that are consistent with prior studies. These results provide support that the PSCQ-C is a confidential instrument with sound psychometric properties measuring seven specific facets of elementary school children’s PSC.     

Girls’ bodily activities in physical education How current fitness and sport discourses influence girls’ identity construction

Girls’ identity constructions are influenced by the dominant sport, health and beauty discourses in their society. Recent research indicates that sport and health discourses embedded in physical education (PE) compete for influence. Some of these studies have illustrated how these discourses inform girls’ social construction of body ideals and femininities, as well as their choices among physical activities. Our purpose in posing the question, ‘How are girls’ identity construction in PE influenced by current fitness and sport discourses?’ is to explore their identity construction and how they negotiate within the PE discourse as embodied subjects, as well as how they use their body as an object of display. This study is based on fieldwork among 10th grade students (15-year-olds) in a school in Oslo, Norway. The methods used include participant observation, informal conversations with the students and two group interviews. We hope that our findings concerning how sport and fitness discourses influence the students’ concepts of both the ideal body and their choices among bodily activities in PE will contribute to the debate on the future of PE. In particular, the girls’ embrace of the fitness discourse in PE is relevant to a question of great current concern: How should schools and PE teachers meet and relate to the fitness discourse in contemporary society? We believe that if left unchallenged and permitted to deepen its influence on PE, this discourse may well ensure that body modification becomes the primary purpose of PE.     

浅谈中小学的健康教育

对我国中小学校进行健康教育的意义、范畴进行了研究,探讨了健康教育与体育教学的结合及实施健康教育的必要性与可行性。     

体育教学的生活回归——基于陶行知生活教育的视角

《体育课程标准》十分强调体育与现实生活的联系,提倡学习有用的体育,体育要体现“源于生活、寓于生活、用于生活”的理念。这和陶行知先生的生活教育是一致的,也是对陶行知教育思想的继承与发展。要实现体育教学的生活回归,必须更新教学观念,避免误区,通过体育课程目标、体育课程内容以及体育学习方式生活化等途径,以学生的现实生活为课程源泉,将体育教学与学生生活经验紧密结合,关注学生学习过程中的生活体验以及学生的可能生活,拓展课程的教学时空和教育价值。     

"掌握"教学模式对体育专业学生目标定向类别的影响

采用文献资料法、问卷调查法和实验法等,对体育专业不同目标定向类别学生进行调查,发现:高掌握目标定向的学生有较高的综合素质和能力,是素质教育的培养目标;"掌握"教学模式能提高高掌握类别学生的比例,引导学生建立正确的学习观,是高绩效体育专业技术课教学干预的模式。     

北京奥运会与学校体育和谐发展的研究

当奥运会圣火伴随手拉手世界和平之乐熄灭之后,通过奥运精神的沉淀、推广和宣传,对人文素养、大众健康理念、健身意识、全社会文明程度的促进将提升到一个崭新的水平。我国通过举办2008年奥运会所体现出的奥运精神和奥运会蕴涵的丰富教育理念、文化价值、教育内容和素材将对中国学校体育带来的巨大影响与急需解决的问题。     

福建省普通高中体育与健康课程选项教学现状的调查分析

以2007年福建省普通高中体育学科骨干教师省级培训班学员为调查对象,对当前福建省高中体育与健康课程选项课程的现状进行了调查分析,并就实施高中体育与健康课程中,如何进一步完善高中体育与健康课程选项课程,缩小城乡差异等方面提出若干建议。     

高校体育教育专业实施微格教学的探讨

微格教学是应用现代视听技术和设备,对师范生的教学能力进行系统培训的方法,它在培养和训练学生教学技能方面具有突出的独特作用。本文通过对体育教育专业实施微格教学现状的研究,提出促进微格教学的对策和建议,为体育院系教学改革的深化提供新的途径。     

日本现代学校体育的演变

第2次世界大战结束至今的半个多世纪中,随着社会的变革和经济、科学技术的发展,学校体育发生了深刻的变化．系统地回顾和总结现代日本学校体育发展的过程及其经验教训,对于进一步提高我国学校体育理论和实践的认识,探索新世纪我国学校体育的发展方向具有一定的现实意义．