一种基于最小价值度优先的集成电路布图规划和布局算法

平面布局的自动化是CAD领域的研究方向之一，旨在为工程设计师提供智能辅助工具，用以求解大在规模集成电路，产品包装，集装箱运输等若干领域中出现的空间布局问题，本文针对一类特定集成电路空间布局问题提出了中心线贴边动作和占角动作的思想和相应的基于最小价值度优化（LVFP）的算法，实验表明，在多数情况下，这一算法可以快速得到比较好的计算结果。     

论清代的刑名幕友及其在政治生活中的作用

清代幕友的种类很多,其中的刑名幕友在社会生活中起着不可替代的作用。他们帮助地方政府处理行政事务、析案断狱。他们为主官所请,享有较高的社会地位且来去自由。刑名幕友的来源很广并且没有确定的服务年限,他们一般与州县官的私人关系很好,为此幕友中有些人却擅用职权,清政府采取了一些防范刑名幕友擅权的措施,却收效甚微。     

Inclusion Illusion: Questioning the Inclusiveness of Integrated Physical Education

ABSTRACT

Globally, integrated school placements as well as inclusion as an education philosophy have emerged as influential trends in education over the past 30 years. Although used interchangeably at times, inclusion and integration are distinct. Confusion about inclusion and integration can lead to mixed messages, which oftentimes affect the education of students with disabilities in school-based physical education. The purposes of this article are twofold. First, the author will provide a brief narrative to clarify the distinction between inclusion as a philosophy and integration as a placement. Second, the author will examine whether empirical data support integrated physical education placements as being inclusive. Existing literature examining the embodied perspectives of students with disabilities, as well as previously unpublished non-fiction reflections from one man with a visual impairment, are utilized to guide the conversation about whether integrated physical education settings are providing inclusive experiences.     

Optimal restructuring strategies under various dynamic factors

Corporate restructuring was identified as a new industrial force that has great impact on economic values and that therefore has become central in daily financial decision making. This article investigates the optimal restructuring strategies under different dynamic factors and their numerous impacts on firm value. The concept of quasi-leverage is introduced and valuation models are built for corporate debt and equity under imperfect market conditions. The model＇s input variables include the quasi-leverage and other firm-specific parameters, the output variables include multiple corporate security values. The restructuring cost is formulated in the form of exponential function, which allows us to observe the sensitivity of the variation in security values. The unified model and its analytical solution developed in this research allow us to examine the continuous changes of security values by dynamically changing the coupon rates, riskless interest rate, bankruptcy cost, quasi-leverage, personal tax rate, corporate taxes rate, transaction cost, firm risk, etc., so that the solutions provide useful guidance for financing and restructuring decisions.     

基于卖家分散化决策的双边平台价格模式研究

在卖家分散化决策和平台面临弹性需求的基础上,分析了固定收费、交易费、两部收费和利润分成制四种价格模式在双边市场中的应用策略,基于平台所获利润对以上四种收费模式进行了比较.研究发现:尽管交易费或两部收费更有利于平台从卖家身上获取更高比例的剩余,但由于扭曲了卖家的努力水平,因此并不一定能够使平台获得更高的利润;利润分成制和固定费都能够激励卖家达到最优的努力水平,而利润分成制获取卖家剩余的能力更强,因此一定在利润上优于固定费;利润分成制在卖家激励方面优于交易费和两部收费,在剩余索取方面是否优于交易费或两部收费取决于卖家的成本,给定卖家类型和外部性强度,当成本在卖家间的增幅较小时,利润分成制带来的利润最优.     

以五环高速公路构建武汉城市圈水陆空交通一体化

以＂船舶方向盘＂平面图形构建武汉城市圈五环高速公路路径迫在眉捷,因为武汉城市圈在武汉市区现在已有两个环圈形高速公路已投入运营,所以借此设计武汉城市圈第三环、第四环和第五环高速公路形成五个包围圈,根据会计文化＂强本节用＂的原则,依据＂船舶方向盘＂构造原理,将黄冈市、鄂州市、咸宁市和孝感市四个卫星城市设计在第三环高速公路环圈上,将黄石市和仙桃市两个卫星城市设计在第四环高速公路环圈上,将潜江市和天门市两个卫星城市设计在第五环高速公路环圈上,形成以武汉市为半径的经济圈与经济带。     

Role mobilisateur du mandat d'autorite et du placement dans l'intervention sociale pour les enfants maltraites

Après l'étude clinique de 22 cas d'intervention sociale à domicile, l'auteur rend compte des réflexions théoriques que ce type d'intervention lui a suggérées. En premier lieu, il a constaté que le comportement de mauvais traitements à enfant était lié à des problématiques aussi diverses qu'un conflit conjugal, des liens affectifs pervers, ou encore une relation à caractère psychotique: Il est donc impossible de dégager à posteriori une “ligne directive unique” dans l'aide apportée à ces familles. Ensuite, il a observé que le rôle mobilisateur de ces interventions était étroitement lié au mandat d'autorité dont le travailleur social était investi et à la possibilité qu'il détenait de demander un placement de l'enfant maltraité. Il en conclut que l'efficacité de ces moyens dépendait autant de la problématique propre à chaque famille que de l'adaptation technique que le travailleur social pouvait en faire dans sa relation avec elle.     

Hierarchical planning for a surface mounting machine placement

For a surface mounting machine(SMM)in printed circuit board(PCB)assembly line,there are four problems,e.g. CAD data conversion,nozzle selection,feeder assignment and placement sequence determination. A hierarchical planning for them to maximize the throughput rate of an SMM is presented here. To minimize set-up time,a CAD data conversion system was first applied that could automatically generate the data for machine placement from CAD design data files. Then an effective nozzle selection approach was implemented to minimize the time of nozzle changing. And then,to minimize picking time,an algorithm for feeder assignment was used to make picking multiple components simultaneously as much as possible. Finally,in order to shorten pick-and-place time,a heuristic algorithm was used to determine optimal component placement sequence according to the decided feeder positions. Experiments were conducted on a four head SMM.The experimental results were used to analyse the assembly line performance.     

乒乓球12区落点训练法的实验研究

在乒乓球教学、训练实践中 ,探索出乒乓球 1 2区落点训练法 ,并进行教学实验。实验结果显示 :乒乓球 1 2区落点训练法在提高学生乒乓球的基本技术、落点的准确性、实战能力等方面明显优于常规教法 ,且该训练方法设计简单、新颖实用     

地方审计执法中存在的若干问题与对策

结合审计工作实践,从地方审计执法中存在的审计处理处罚法规滞后、自由裁量权过大,审计机关滥用自由裁量权以及审计决定落实难、执行不到位等方面的突出问题展开论述,剖析其问题的成因,探讨解决这些问题的对策。