红岩山药用植物资源调查初报

本文首次报道红岩山药用植物280余种,隶属104科。供参考。     

Participatory Plant Breeding with Traders and Farmers for White Pea Bean in Ethiopia

Abstract

Purpose: This research, conducted in Ethiopia, involved select stakeholders in the variety evaluation process early: to identify a greater number of acceptable varieties and to shorten a lengthy research and release process.

Design/methodology/approach: A Participatory Plant Breeding (PPB) approach was used in both on-station and community-based trial evaluations. Farmers, traders and processors evaluated bean varieties for promotion, considering field performance, culinary characteristics, market value, and canning acceptability.

Findings: Within four years, two varieties were identified and recommended for release which were high performing, had excellent consumption and cooking characteristics for local foods, fetched high local market prices and met international canning quality standards.

Practical implications: (1) Ethiopian men and women have distinct criteria for evaluating white pea beans, the former putting emphasis on marketability, with women focusing on food security issues. Both groups might be involved in the selection process. (2) Key characteristics cited by farmers, for instance, use for forage, may not be taken into account in the formal breeding process. Expanding the criteria used to determine which varieties should be released would make economic sense. (3) Farmers screened for local product acceptability before researchers put forward lines for testing by the export and canning industry. Local acceptability need not necessarily conflict with market chain acceptability—if the right processes are followed.

Originality/value: The context was unusual: a) the region was drought-prone; and b) the crop had to meet rigorous canning requirements, plus local preferences. The involvement of traders and processors was novel, as was the use of a ‘participatory framework’ even when the product had to meet stringent market requirements.     

塔式太阳能热发电定日镜控制系统的设计与应用

从单面定日镜的控制原理和控制方法出发,提出了塔式太阳能热发电定日镜控制系统的整体设计和基本构架,实现了定日镜控制系统的网络通讯功能。并以200面定日镜为例,通过系统测试和实验验证,表明了该设计的可行性。     

Biotransformation of nitro-polycyclic aromatic compounds by vegetable and fruit cell extracts

Extracts from various vegetables and fruits were investigated for their abilities to reduce nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs). The extracts from grape and onion exhibited an interesting selectivity, yielding corresponding hydroxylamines or amines as major products under mild conditions of 30 °C and pH 7.0. Grape extracts reduced the 4-nitro-1,8-naphthalic anhydride with the highest conversion rate (>99%) and the highest ratio of hydroxylamine to amine (95:5). In contrast, the onion extracts reduced 4-nitro-1,8-naphthalic anhydride with a conversion rate of 94% and a ratio of hydroxylamine to amine of 8:92. The thiol-reducing agent, β-mercaptoethanol, and metal cations, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺, greatly increased the reductive efficiency. This work provides an alternative strategy for biotransformation of nitro-polycyclic compounds.     

植物组织培养实验教学改革与实践

通过完善实验教学大纲,增加基本技能培养内容;改革实验课程体系,优化实验内容;改验证性实验为设计性实验;紧密结合科学研究,培养学生创新能力,以及优化实验考核体系等途径和方法,对植物组织培养实验教学进行改革,取得了良好的教学效果,全面培养了学生的实践能力。     

Identification of historical plant material using micro-computed tomography

Abstract

This work investigates the use of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) for identification of New Zealand plant leaf material from artefacts. Micro-CT was explored as a result of difficulties in preparing transverse sections from aged plant material artefacts to compare with reference slides for microscopic identification of plant species. Plant names in te reo Māori (Māori language) are followed by the English name and botanic name, and are subsequently referred to by Māori names. The three plants investigated (harakeke, New Zealand flax, Phormium tenax, J. R. Forst & G. Forst; tī kōuka, cabbage tree, Cordyline australis, (Forst.f.) Endl,; kiekie, Frecinetia banksii A.Cunn.) were/are commonly used by Māori for the manufacture of objects often found in cultural institutions. Contemporary and historical specimens (from artefacts) of plant leaf material were investigated. Contemporary specimens were viewed using micro-CT and showed identifiable features compared with micrographs of transverse sections from reference material. Diagnostic features of each plant species were then named and measured, providing the basis for development of an identification key using both visual and objective criteria. Positive identification of historical specimens using this key varied across plant species and according to level of ageing and processing. Despite this, micro-CT had several advantages over traditional transverse sections: samples were not prepared for, or altered by, analysis, and numerous cross sections across the entire sample could be easily viewed to locate identifiable characteristics. Although measurable criteria supplied apply only to the three named New Zealand plant species, this paper provides methods that could be applied to the identification of other aged plant leaf material. Knowledge of plant anatomy at the level of major cell and tissue types (e.g. mesophyll, sclerenchyma, vascular tissue, and epidermis) is sufficient for the level of analysis carried out in this study.     

杨新涯谈大学图书馆“十四五”信息化发展策略

在面临着新型信息技术的冲击下,图书馆未来必须进行信息数字化的全面转型升级,需要从以资源数字化为主导的数字图书馆向数据驱动的智慧图书馆过渡。因此本文通过扫描图书馆未来5年的信息化发展环境,找出了图书馆信息化面临的四个主要问题,并针对性提出构建数据驱动的信息系统、实施场景化的服务设计及加强数字特藏建设等信息化发展策略,旨在大学图书馆“十四五”规划的开关之年,为各图书馆开展信息化建设提供参考借鉴,以共同推进图书馆信息化的建设发展。     

中央与地方的互动:陈云与“大跃进”前期浙江基本建设的整顿

陈云从总结1958年杭州半山钢铁厂厂房倒塌事故的教训出发,深入剖析了"大跃进"以来全国基本建设战线存在的问题,并提出了正确的方针政策。他的政策思想,对"大跃进"前期浙江基本建设的整顿起了重要作用,对于正确处理中央与地方的关系,探索执政党决策的科学方法和途径也有重要启示。     

中西植物隐喻词汇对比

隐喻是一种常见的语言现象.在中英文中,植物词汇的隐喻比较多.通过将植物词汇进行分类来阐述中西方共有的隐喻文化及产生异同性的原因,帮助我们深入地了解中西方文化,有利于成功的跨文化交际.     

泉港石化工业区园林植物配置调查分析

园林绿化建设对于弱化石化工业区外显特征、修复遭受破坏的自然生态环境、构建生态园林式企业空间具有十分重要的意义.文章以泉港石化工业区为研究对象,针对其园林植物配置现状,从植物应用种类、配置模式、绿化效果等方面进行多角度的分析,总结了泉港石化工业区园林植物配置中存在的突出问题,探讨了相应的设计提升技术要点,以期为其后续的提升改造提供参考和借鉴.