国际油污赔偿基金会及其处理油污损害索赔的实践

论文概述了国际油污损害赔偿基金会的由来及其组织机构，介绍了基金会的资金来源和赔偿原则，并在此基础上比较详细地论述了基金会自１９７９年建立以来所处理的油污损害索赔的实践，展望了基金会的发展前景。     

Colour measurement of acid-detector strips for the quantification of volatile organic acids in storage conditions

Acid-detector (A-D) strips were originally developed to assess the deterioration of acetate film stock, but they can also be used more generally within enclosures to detect volatile acidic pollution. A hand-held reflectance spectrophotometer was used to record the colour of individual strips in order to make consistent and reproducible readings. Calibration was carried out using the yellow-blue axis b*(D65) value in the CIELAB1976 system to measure the colour of A-D strips suspended in enclosed containers over solutions of acetic acid in combinations with glycerol to control the relative humidity (RH). A-D strips were found to be sensitive to changes in high RH (60–90%) but affected little by changes in lower RH or temperatures in the museum display and storage range. A-D strips can be used to establish the presence of volatile acids, record the indication of acid vapour concentration, explore conditions within a container, and to find sources of volatile acidity. They respond very quickly and several can be placed around an object. They therefore show promise for measuring slowly changing conditions, such as seasonal changes and the gradual accumulation of acidity in poorly ventilated containers and spaces. A-D strips proved useful in assessing air quality in storage and display enclosures. Examples and test results are presented. Well-sealed plywood transit frames and storage cases were found to be most polluted with volatile acids. Storage rooms with air filtration systems but filled with wooden objects had significantly reduced air quality.     

污染料不同处理栽培平菇的比较试验

在食用菌制种与栽培中,培养料往往因多种原因被污染,这部份污染的培养料经处理进行平菇栽培,试验表明:发酵熟料开放式接种是目前最理想的栽培工艺,具有发菌快,污染率低,单袋平均产量高等优点,污染料发酵后灭菌处理栽培平菇是利用废料最佳方式,值得在生产中推广。     

排污权交易立法的思考

排污权交易是重要的环境管理经济手段，具有显著的环境一经济效益。排污权交易立法是排污权交易的基础和保障。本文结合国内外排污权交易实践，在系统分析排污权交易效用价值的基础上，进一步说明了排污权交易立法的必要性，探讨了排污交易立法的内容与事项。     

有关汽车尾气污染调查的研究性学习案例设计

结合中学化学教学内容,以汽车尾气污染为研究课题,介绍了该课题研究性学习案例的设计与实践结果.     

凤阳市场蔬菜硝酸盐污染的评价及其防治对策

对凤阳市场上销售蔬菜的硝酸盐含量进行了检测,结果表明:根菜类与叶菜类蔬菜硝酸盐含量严重超标,污染等级均在3以上;不同种类的蔬菜硝酸盐含量的高低呈现一定的规律性,由高到低的顺序依次为:根菜类＞叶菜类＞薯蓣类＞瓜类＞葱蒜类＞茄果类.在调查测定的基础上,进一步分析了蔬菜硝酸盐含量超标的原因,并提出了降低蔬菜硝酸盐含量的对策.     

河工模型试验在闽江福州段水污染防治规划中的应用

采用了河工模型试验技术，对福州市内河污水和城市污水处理厂废水排放进行模拟研究。在此基础上讨论该技术在水质模拟和水质规划中应用的实现条件、存在问题和建议。     

排污权交易的若干法律问题初探

排污权交易是一种以市场为基础的环境保护的手段，相对于传统方法，它具有以最低成本实现最优目标的优势。我国当前推行排污权交易还面临若干法律问题，必须有相应的完善措施。     

Water Environment Pollution in Three—Gorge Reservoir Area and Treatment Technology

After the erecgtion of Three-Gorge Reservoir,The Water Environment in the reservoir area will be turned into water dobies like laker,and the self-clarification ability of water will also be moch slower than ever,Now,the quality of water in most segments in upper reaches of Yangtze River cannot meet the requiremets of I-II class Environment Quality Standard (GHZB1-1999),In Yangtze River,Jialing River and Wujiang River,the mian indexes such as colon bacillus,nonionic ammonia,chemical oxygen demand(COD),petroleum,phenol,total phosphorus(TP),heavy metal,etc.,have exceeded the standard limits.The water bodies of the reservoir area are facing serious risk of eutrophicatioinm.To solve that problem.A countermeasure of multi-spot diverted treatment and separate discharge is recommended,for doing this,lots of smallscale wastemwate treatment facilities employing updated activated sludge treatment technologies are to be set up.Up to now,a number of sewage treatment technologies to control eutrophication of water have been developed,which include processes of sequencing batch activated sludge(SBR),absorbing bio-degradation (AB),oxidation channel,package intermittent aeration system(PIAS),intermittent cylce extended aeration system(ICEAS),UNITANK and so on ,The Efective one to be applied in the reservoir area should convey the requirements of ecological agriculture,forestry and urban planning ,and be accompanied by legal support for appropriate exploitation of natural resources.     

地下水资源的保护

当今社会地下水的污染问题甚为严重，直接影响人类的生存。本文简述地下水污染的防止、控制、治理及合理开发地下水资源与保护。