Limitations on the human capital transferability of adult migrants in Spain: Incentive or barrier for a new investment in education?

Many empirical studies on immigrant integration document the benefits of an education acquired in the country of destination. In this article; we study how the degree of human capital transferability affects an immigrant's chances of studying in Spain. We used data from the Spanish Labour Force Survey (2008–2015) for a sample of adults aged 18–55 who had left the educational system. The main findings show that natives are the ethnic group with the highest likelihood of re-enrolling in education. Amongst immigrants, those with fewer limitations on human capital transferability also invest more. These results question the predictions of the Immigrant Human Capital Investment model which expect that immigrants whose human capital depreciates upon arrival and those who can obtain a higher return on a new investment in education are therefore more likely to study. Moreover, the effect of skill transferability differs depending on the type of obstacle and the kind of education. Immigrants with less linguistic and cultural familiarity with the host country are less likely to undertake non-formal education than formal education. However, when the transferability obstacles are related to administrative requirements and legal restrictions, the probability of investing in non-formal education is higher. We conclude that immigrants with low skill transferability are not only less well integrated in the labour market upon arrival, but are also less able to redress that disadvantage through a new investment in education.     

人力资本投资对我国旅游产业发展的影响

当今人力资本的经济理论迅速崛起，人力资本已成为经济增长的重要因素。人力资本投资将对促进我国旅游产业的发展，优化旅游行业结构产生重要的影响和作用。     

International student migration and social stratification in China

During the late 1990s China moved from a period of “wealth creation” that benefited the majority of the population to a period of “wealth concentration” that benefited a minority. This essay focuses on the role of international student migration from China to other countries in this process. In particular the authors delineate how different types of capital – the human, social, political and cultural (specifically foreign degrees) – transform into each other. In the process the analysis considers how the conversions among these different types of capital have intensified and have become concentrated in the top stratum of society. The essay links the international education to general patterns of social transformation currently occurring in China. Specifically the discussion brings in a transnational dimension to the examination of social stratification in contemporary China.     

可持续创新的城市运行与发展模式——以北京构建首善之区的理念、格局与路径为例

科技创新能力是可持续发展能力的核心因素,科技将引领中国的可持续发展。中国的城市化进程如何从规模式扩张向内涵式发展转型,进而以可持续创新引领区域均衡发展,是保障城市和谐良治的关键所在。本文以首都构建可持续创新的首善之区为实证案例,从经济运行、社会运行与环境运行的互动影响入手,阐述了可持续创新的首都城市运行理念、格局与路径,系统梳理了首都城市运行的政策体系、管理体系和科技体系。在此基础上,对“十二五”时期中国的城市运行与发展进行了战略审视。     

人力资本理论对继续教育投资倾向的影响

纵观世界发展史,劳动力一直是经济学关注的生产要素,但近半个世纪以来劳动力才作为人力资本来系统地加以研究。人力资本理论从古典经济学中萌芽,经过马克思主义经济学和新古典经济增长理论的理论准备,最终促成舒尔茨从宏观层次研究并建立了人力资本理论。此后,贝克尔等人从中观层次做了大量的实证研究,而现代劳动经济学则更关心微观层次的实证研究,为继续教育的理性投资提供了更加科学的依据。     

Optimal restructuring strategies under various dynamic factors

Corporate restructuring was identified as a new industrial force that has great impact on economic values and that therefore has become central in daily financial decision making. This article investigates the optimal restructuring strategies under different dynamic factors and their numerous impacts on firm value. The concept of quasi-leverage is introduced and valuation models are built for corporate debt and equity under imperfect market conditions. The model＇s input variables include the quasi-leverage and other firm-specific parameters, the output variables include multiple corporate security values. The restructuring cost is formulated in the form of exponential function, which allows us to observe the sensitivity of the variation in security values. The unified model and its analytical solution developed in this research allow us to examine the continuous changes of security values by dynamically changing the coupon rates, riskless interest rate, bankruptcy cost, quasi-leverage, personal tax rate, corporate taxes rate, transaction cost, firm risk, etc., so that the solutions provide useful guidance for financing and restructuring decisions.     

试论改革开放以来中国的社会主义资本

中国的社会主义资本存在有其理论基础：马克思的＂资本一般＂的规定性和＂资本＂范围最广泛的一种所指,为其提供了成立的理论支撑。中国的社会主义资本存在也有着深厚的现实基础：我国现行并将长期实行的基本经济制度和由于商品经济历史发展的必然趋势,而在我国产生的社会主义市场经济体制。它们为社会主义资本在中国的存在和发展提供了源源不竭的动力。中国的社会主义资本含义,不仅需要考虑资本的本质属性,而且更要注重其与社会主义的基本属性的有机结合。     

虚拟资本及其与实际资本关系探析

随着市场经济的发展，虚拟资本在经济中的地位与作用越来越重要，虚拟资本有两种主要形态，即以商业票据等存在实物对应的虚拟资本和与实际资本相距较远的投机性强的虚拟资本，虚拟资本的基本特性表现为投机性，虚拟资本运动具有独立性并从两个方面影响实际资本运动，从发展的角度讲，虚拟资本与社会总资本的关系更加密切。     

企业财务管理环境变化趋势及应对措施

从我国企业财务管理实践来看,财务活动所依赖的各种条件或因素发生变化可能会制约、影响企业的决策,从而影响企业的经营活动。为应对财务管理环境的变化,企业应把握财务管理环境变化的趋势,采取相应的应对措施。     

网上书店的经营特点和发展对策

网上书店目前正以图书品种多、传递速度快、价格便宜等特点迅速发展起来。我国的网络书店在人员素质、资金等方面还存在着许多问题。要建设好网上书店这一系统工程,需要许多行业的密切配合。