论德育评价的发展性目的与选择性目的

德育评价在德育过程中是一个重要的过程,在整个德育中发挥着诊断、激励、强化等功能。德育评价的目的是德育评价过程中的一个重要因素,它决定着德育评价的标准以及进行德育评价的方式、方法等。德育评价的目的总的来说存在选择性目的和发展性目的两种,但在实践工作中却经常发生只看到其中的一种目的,而将另一种忽视,甚至将二者对立起来。德育评价的选择性目的和发展性目的是对立统一的_关系,两者既相互区别,又存在统一,在进行德育评价时必须处理好二者关系,既要充分发挥德育评价的功能,又要节省社会资源。     

The use of organising purposes in science instruction as a scaffolding mechanism to support progressions: a study of talk in two primary science classrooms

Purpose: This study examines how different purposes can support teachers in their work with progressions as a part of a teaching sequences in science in primary school.

Design/Method: The study was carried out in two classes working with inquiry and the events that took place in the classroom were filmed. In the study, we have chosen to use the technical term proximate purposes for the student-oriented purposes, and ultimate purposes for the scientific purposes. Together, these two types of purposes form the organisational purposes for the classes. Proximate purposes work in such a way that students can use their language and relate to their experiences as ends-in-view. To examine how organising purposes can be used to analyse progressions, we discuss examples from two different lessons.

Result: The study shows the importance of proximate purposes working as ends-in-view and also demonstrates how the teacher and students may create continuity in teaching to enable progression as a part of a teaching sequence.

Conclusions: To create continuity, it was essential that the teacher scaffolded the students in ways which allowed the students to explicitly differentiate between what was relevant or not, about the proximate purposes in relation to the ultimate purpose.     

西南宗教旅游资源特征及开发研究

西南地区宗教旅游资源丰富,具有极大的独特垄断性。在对该区宗教旅游资源丰度、组合度和空间分布特点三个指标的研究基础上,探讨资源分布的基本状况。并通过对资源类型特征研究,得出西南宗教旅游资源具有一定的比较优势,且组合度良好,易于走资源联合协作开发之路的研究结论。     

The mythology of schooling: the historiography of American and European education in comparative perspective

This essay explores the historiography of American and European education, considering how educational historians communicate powerful messages about the purposes and promises of schooling through their writing. I divide the historiography of American education into four interpretive traditions: traditionalism, radical revisionism, progressive revisionism, and plural revisionism. Each phase of the historiography, I argue, has supported particular myths about the relationship between public schooling and society. European historians have shared many of the interpretive assumptions contained within traditionalist, radical revisionist, and progressive revisionist scholarship, conveying similar myths to their US counterparts. Contemporary histories of European education, however, are distinct from recent histories of the US. In comparing the divergent trajectories of these two historiographies, I conclude by suggesting the strengths and weaknesses of contemporary scholarship in both fields, an assessment derived from a review of the underlying myths conveyed by each history. Recent US scholarship remains committed to narrative and draws attention to the educational experiences of marginalised groups. Scholarship on European education, in contrast, has explicitly embraced theoretical interpretive frameworks while also giving less attention to schooling on the margins. At the same time, many European histories of education have maintained a critical view of schooling, while some recent scholarship within the US has de-emphasised this connection, echoing older interpretive traditions and tacitly reinforcing faith in the ameliorative potential of public education.     

技术框架:电子学档的设计与开发

电子学档是信息技术与学生学习过程相结合的产物,是信息化教学进程中出现的新事物。在推进信息化教学的过程中,电子学档的设计开发应用成为提高学习者学习效能与学习素质的重要途径。电子学档设计开发的PD+MD模型,有助于电子学档与学科教学整合的实施,也为时下网络课程的开发和学习资源的建设提供一种思路。     

超人力因素的理性阐释——清代白话公案小说创作动机略论

清代白话公案小说创作者在小说中大量表现超人力因素,鬼神等怪异现象在作品里司空见惯,创作者做这样安排,有其特殊目的。可以说,体现故事的传奇性、讽刺性、揄扬性是清代白话公案小说着力表现超人力因素的直接动机。     

论英语学术语篇中的名词性表达及其话语功能

名词性表达是英语学术语篇中比较典型的话语类型特点之一。对于名词性表达在语篇中的话语功能,语言学家有着褒贬不同的争议。从话语类型分析的角度看,学术语篇中的名词性表达,作为不同言语社团的重要语言机制,是体现不同的话语特点和语用功能,实现学术语体这个总体目标的重要工具。     

“Where are the children?” Personal integrity and reflective teaching portfolios

This study chronicles a 2-year school wide portfolio initiative in a British elementary school, teacher resistance to the initiative, and factors that contributed to acceptance of the portfolio initiative. Critical components to teacher engagement in this context included teacher ownership of the process and product, a child-centred focus to the portfolio, and opportunity to include belief statements and entries of felt importance. The reflective teaching portfolio is discussed as a cultural tool of mediation and a vehicle for providing programmatic reflection wherein teacher integrity can be demonstrated through alignment of beliefs and teaching practice over time.     

Self-directed learning to develop autonomy in an online ESP community

Low foreign language achievers in vocational education often have a lack of learning strategies, a tendency to feel frustrated, and unwillingness to be involved. In order to develop vocational college students’ autonomy, this study integrated on-site workshops with an online learning community by means of self-directed learning English for specific purposes (ESP). The results show that the online ESP community developed students into autonomous learners by (1) employing resource-based approach to download learning materials for preview and review, (2) utilizing curriculum-based approach to view online photos for monitoring their role-play and interactions in the learning processes and taking e-assessment for evaluating learning progress, and (3) using technology-based approach for interacting with their peers. The students developed learner autonomy to achieve significant better learning outcomes in the post-test. It was implied that self-directed learning with little teacher intervention of integrating on-site and online learning community could develop learner autonomy in ESP.     

简论晚清至民初的教育宗旨

20世纪初叶，晚清政府废科学，兴学堂，公布教育宗旨，强化国家对教育的管理，统一对各类人才的要求。1912年，民国建立后，于承继这一传统的同时，剔除其封建主义糟粕而代之以资本主义内容，且首美育，从而为此后中央政府运用教育宗旨手段端正教育方向，规制教育行为奠定了基础。