舍勒与康德在“偏好”问题上的分歧

伊曼努尔·康德与马克思·舍勒都提到了“偏好”问题,但二者对于偏好问题的理论差异很大。康德的“偏好”指自然欲望,舍勒的“偏好”指“善的趋向”。舍勒设定的“偏好”概念具有向善和自明的特点。“自明”特点使得偏好无须论证,构成了舍勒理论的基础。从“偏好”概念的差异出发,康德强调意志的自由,而舍勒则提出了情感的先天和绝对性。这两种理论体系都致力于寻求道德的绝对化,但是各有不足。康德实践理性理论的不足是忽视了个体的特点,舍勒的情感秩序体系的缺陷在于缺乏一种形式化的先天制约。     

系我一生心,负你千行泪——略论柳永的恋情词

柳永是是北宋第一个专力写词的作家,也是真正开启宋词新风气的重要词人,是两宋词坛最为瞩目的大词人之一。他的词变＂雅＂为＂俗＂,雅俗并重,为世人所广为传颂。柳永的词,不独有其羁旅行役词,妓女词,都市词,还有大量的恋情词。笔者对柳永的恋情词进行梳理和归纳,柳永的恋情词无论是描写江湖流落的孤寂,还是抒发别离相思的哀愁,都主要表达了对恋人的依依之情,描写细腻,感情真挚,充分体现了柳词抒情的本色。柳永的恋情词从内容上来说,可以分为以下3类：一是表现人们共通的情感;二是表现青年男女真挚的誓言;三是表现女子的纯真相思。     

Primary school teachers’ restricted and elaborated anger

This article examines the cognitive appraisals associated with the emotion of anger based on interviews with teachers. An analysis of these appraisals demonstrated that teachers experienced different forms of anger depending on whether they were relating to other adults or their pupils. Anger in relation to children was based on persistent goal blockage, the build up of frustration and the assignment of blame. Such anger, referred to here as restricted anger, was expressed at the time and seemed to involve limited cognitive elaboration. By contrast, anger in relation to parents and colleagues was associated with blaming others for having brought about an unfair/unjust outcome and a perceived threat to self. Such anger, referred to here as elaborated anger, was not displayed immediately but appeared to be cognitively dwelled upon and maintained. These two forms of anger and their appraisals are examined and their implications for teachers and teaching considered.     

Associations between perceived positive and negative parental contact and adolescents’ intergroup contact experiences

This study investigated the association between perceived parental positive and negative contact and adolescents’ own positive and negative contact experiences and tested perspective-taking, intergroup anxiety, outgroup attitudes, and approach behavioral tendencies as potential mediators. A total of 325 7th and 8th Year Turkish students completed questionnaires in classrooms (M_age = 13.46, SD = 0.75). Structural equation models demonstrated that percieved negative parental contact was directly and strongly associated with negative, but not positive, adolescent contact, whereas parental positive contact had a direct positive association with adolescent positive contact. We further found that perceived parental positive contact was related to higher perspective-taking and lower intergroup anxiety which promoted approach behavioral tendencies which was, in turn, related to more positive and less negative contact among adolescents. The study highlights the critical function of parental positive and negative contact on the formation of adolescents’ contact behaviors.     

Functional impact of emotions on athletic performance: Comparing the IZOF model and the directional perception approach

A plausible explanation for the ancient long jump records from Greek antiquity is sought on the basis of pictorial and written sources, and corroborated with practical tests. Ancient sources report that athletes jumped more than 15?m with weights in their hands, which enabled them to jump further than without these weights. It is proposed that the ancient Greek long jump was a continuous succession of five standing broad jumps, in which the landing phase of one jump was also the countermovement for the next jump. Four trained athletes jumped further with (14.64?±?0.76?m, range 13.64?–?15.63?m) than without weights (13.88?±?0.70?m, range 12.60?–?14.75?m; P = 0.001). These results show that this technique is executable, fits with ancient written and pictorial sources, and allows trained modern athletes to jump distances well over 15?m. The extra distance jumped when using weights may be due to changes in the position of the jumper's centre of mass at take-off and at landing, and an increase in take-off velocity stemming from several biomechanical mechanisms.     

Further Validation of the Coach Identity Prominence Scale

This study was designed to examine select psychometric properties of the Coach Identity Prominence Scale (CIPS), including the reliability, factorial validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and predictive validity. Coaches (N = 338) who averaged 37 (SD = 12.27) years of age, had a mean of 13 (SD = 9.90) years of coaching experience, and were currently coaching 46 different sports, served as the participants in this study. Participants completed a questionnaire that included four sections: Demographics, identity prominence (CIPS; Pope & Hall, 2014), motivation (Coach Motivation Questionnaire [CMQ]; McLean, Mallet, & Newcombe, 2012), and passion (The Passion Scale; Vallerand et al., 2003). The findings provided support for the various types of reliability and validity tested in the present study, with only partial support for discriminant validity. The CIPS may therefore serve as a viable option for researchers interested in further understanding the identity or psychological processes of coach.     

健康教育在体育教育中和谐发展的研究与探索

健康教育是通过运动对身体的作用 ,社会意识的培养 ,智能的开发 ,情绪的体验 ,心理的养育 ,以及自我价值的实现达到其目的的 ,健康目标的实现 ,须寻求多样化的教学形式 ,使学生在快乐的体验中获得身心各方面的促进作用。健康教育要有终身体育的意识 ,不仅使其掌握体育的知识、技能和技术 ,而且使其身心素质得到相应的完善。     

具有功能反应捕食者--食系统的全局稳定性

运用常微分方程稳定性理论探讨了具有功能反应捕食者--食系统的全局稳定性.     

论声乐教学中的内心视觉

声乐教学中,学生在发声练习时所体现的能力和演唱作品时的表现不相一致,演唱能力明显滞后,即使是简单的歌曲也不能“声情并茂”,缺乏艺术感染力。这是由于他们在歌唱认知上没有完成从感性认知到理性认知的上升,对声音没有内心视觉支持而造成的。内心视觉训练应是声乐教学的主导方面,扩大生活体验,丰富艺术修养是提高内心视觉能力的有效途径。     

亲社会行为对员工创新绩效的双刃剑效应——基于情绪的中介作用及领导-成员交换关系的调节作用

本研究结合工作要求-资源模型和领导-成员交换理论,基于607份在职员工的多时段配对数据,构建亲社会行为通过影响自身情绪资源的消耗及获取,进而影响员工创新绩效的理论模型,并验证了领导-成员交换关系在这一过程中的作用。研究发现：实施亲社会行为会获得情绪资源从而产生积极情绪,但其也会消耗情绪资源使员工感到情绪耗竭；积极情绪和情绪耗竭中介亲社会行为对员工创新绩效的影响；领导-成员交换关系能够调节亲社会行为与情绪之间的关系强度。