标记性及其在母语迁移中的作用

母语迁移是二语习得研究中的重要领域之一。语言学和认知学理论将标记性纳入母语迁移的研究中。语言学以母语与目的语之间的标记差异做比较,说明母语迁移的可能性;认知学则以母语特征的典型范畴为基点,分析二语学习者对母语迁移的选择性。标记性理论的提出对英语教学和对外汉语教学有着十分重要的启示。     

Teaching for transfer of core/key skills in higher education: Cognitive skills

This article is a result of a completed survey of the mainly cognitive science literature on the transferability of those skills which have been described variously as ‘core’, ‘key’, and ‘generic’. The literature reveals that those predominantly cognitive skills which have been studied thoroughly (mainly problem solving) are transferable under certain conditions. These conditions relate particularly to the methods and environment of the learning of these skills. Therefore, there are many implications for the teaching of key skills in higher education, which the article draws out, following a summary of the main findings of the research literature. Learning of principles and concepts facilitates transfer to dissimilar problems, as it creates more flexible mental representations, whereas rote learning of facts discourages transfer. Transfer is fostered when general principles of reasoning are taught together with self-monitoring practices and potential applications in varied contexts. Training in reasoning and critical thinking is only effective for transfer, when abstract principles and rules are coupled with examples. Transfer is promoted when learning takes place in a social context, which fosters generation of principles and explanations. Transfer improves when learning is through co-operative methods, and where there is feedback on performance with training examples. The specificity of the context in which principles are learned reduces their transfer. Transfer is promoted if learners are shown how problems resemble each other, if they are expected to learn to do this themselves, if they are aware of how to apply skills in different contexts, if attention is directed to the underlying goal structure of comparable problems, if examples are varied and are accompanied by rules or principles (especially if discovered by the learners), and if learners’ self-explanations are stimulated. Learning to use meta-cognitive strategies is especially important for transfer.     

英、美国家农村劳动力转移中的培训经验对我国的启示——从政府作用的角度

加强农民工教育培训,促进农民工就业,对稳定社会具有十分重要的意义。通过比较英、美国家在农村劳动力转移中的做法,总结出六个方面的培训经验,并结合实际提出对我国农民工教育培训的四点启示。     

微波辐射相转移催化合成对羟基苯甲酸杉酯的研究

以对羟基苯甲酸和氯化苄等为原料,以十六烷基溴化铵为相转移催化剂合成对羟基苯甲酸苄酯。通过实验考察了催化剂用量及物料配比等因素对酯化反应的影响。结果表明:微波辐射功率350W,辐射时间3min,n(对羟基苯甲酸)∶n(氯化苄)=1∶2,n(正十六烷基三甲基溴化铵)∶n(对羟基苯甲酸)=0.025,产率可达96.7%。     

大学毕业生就业困境及对策

对毕业生就业形势进行分析,从几个方面提出毕业生就业问题解决的途径：提高学生实践能力：加强就业形势分析教育与就业指导;调整毕业生就业心态;建立完善的就业体制和社会保障体制。     

认知结构与听力理解

本文从心理学的迁移理论出发,针对英语听力教学的现状以及汉语正迁移、负迁移和英语听力教学的关系,在如何运用正迁移避免负迁移的影响等方面进行论述。对认知结构和听力理解之间关系影响的研究,对于确保学生形成良好的认知结构,科学合理地运用迁移规律,准确地接受和运用新的语言知识具有重要的意义。     

国有金融资产管理公司的诉讼困境与对策研究

金融资产管理公司在处置不良资产过程中常常要通过法律诉讼途径解决问题。在诉讼中资产管理公司会因为种种历史问题或地方政策遭遇立案、诉讼和执行难等法律困境。解决上述问题不仅需要资产管理公司完善自身制度,还需要法院努力摆脱地方保护主义影响,更重要的是,资产管理公司应当拓展思路,充分利用各种资源,灵活利用法律空间完成自身的处置工作。     

知识传播中的知识安全模型及其技术策略

随着知识共享范围的扩大和共享程度的提高,知识安全逐渐上升为组织保持竞争优势的核心问题。知识传播作为知识链的关键环节,对安全的需求尤为突出。从知识需求者和知识提供者互动的角度出发,以信任为中心讨论知识传播过程中的安全问题;结合传统信息安全的访问控制技术、信任评价机制、隐私保护数据挖掘技术构建组织知识传播安全模型,并简要阐述相关技术实现策略,以期对组织知识管理实践有所裨益。     

基于博客的图书馆隐性知识转移模式分析

图书馆隐性知识转移是图书馆知识管理的重要组成部分,博客自由开放的精神符合图书馆知识转移的本质。基于博客的隐性知识转移模式有自己独特的特点和优势,结合图书馆传统隐性知识转移流程,图书馆可以构建由不同类型博客组成的隐性知识转移模型。     

词层的对等在英语写作教学中的功用

通过阐述英汉双语之间词的不对等现象,利用英国学者Mona Baker的"词层的对等"理论,分析汉语在英语写作学习中的迁移作用,提出有效的教学策略。