The international geophysical year in Antarctica: Uncommon collaborations, unprecedented results

When 1 July 1957 “dawned” in the dark of the south polar night, Americans at seven scientific stations scattered across Antarctica officially began systematic, synoptic observations of the air above and ice below. Joining scientists from 11 other countries on the polar continent, they were part of the International Geophysical Year, an 18-month worldwide effort to understand the earth and its environment. The Navy and other military services provided the transportation, construction, and maintenance to make life and work possible on the ice. The scientific success and value of the IGY inspired a mechanism—the Antarctic Treaty of 1959—for a peaceful future focused on the cooperative pursuit of scientific knowledge. While imperfect and fragile, the treaty is still in force and, with continuing military and civilian support, scientific research in Antarctica prospers. All this was achieved in a remarkably short time, by disparate, thinly acquainted, mutually wary cultures—military, scientific, and diplomatic. All the more astonishing is that it happened within the tense context of the Cold War, as statesmen and warriors were wise enough to allow “apolitical” scientists to lead where they could not.     

复合图书馆时代我国图书馆组织变革的六大趋势

阐述了复合图书馆时代我国图书馆组织变革的六大趋势：组织制度层次弱化、组织流程调整动态化、组织结构扁平化、组织边界柔性化、内部组织团队化、组织形式多样化。参考文献6。     

Exposing the culture of silence: Inhibiting factors in the prevention,treatment, and mitigation of sexual abuse in the Eastern Caribbean

This article features a study that explored the presence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), including childhood sexual abuse and neglect, among women associated with Partnership for Peace (PfP), the first and only culturally adapted domestic violence diversion program for men in the Eastern Caribbean. Within a multiyear evaluative study that assessed the impact of the PfP intervention in reducing domestic violence in Grenada in the West Indies, life-history interviews were collected from a subsample of women (N = 9) associated with men enrolled in the PfP program between 2009 and 2011. We found that the exposure to sexual abuse and neglect during childhood was evident in the histories of the women. Most perpetrators were trusted family or community members who suffered from a common set of behavioral patterns, most prominently alcohol use. Our findings reflect an evidence-based connection, as one causative factor, of a culture of silence that is related to child sexual abuse and its management. The apparent lasting effects of these traumatic childhood exposures reflect cycles of abuse in the life histories collected during the domestic violence evaluation study. Our study identified three key structural deficiencies (insufficient research, ineffective policy, and lack of public-health interventions) and one embedded cultural norm (the culture of silence) that together “inhibit current attempts to address ACEs as a means of curbing domestic violence in the Caribbean.”     

Are we using Friedman's roadmap? A comparative analysis of stimuli of private school enrolments in post-Soviet countries

There have been extensive scholarly debates on the role the private sector in the provision of schooling across the world. The former Soviet states have been largely excluded from these debates. This exploratory study examines the role the private sector in the formal provision of primary and secondary education in post-Soviet countries to demonstrate comparative trends and to provide a framework for the analysis of stimuli for private enrolments in the region. On the basis of the analysis of secondary data, documentary evidence and relevant literature, this paper shows that across the former Soviet countries, neoliberal ideas of education marketisation have not found fertile soil for development.     

The international telecommunication regime in the information age

This paper examines recent changes in the international telecommunication regime. The concept of an international regime comes from the field of international relations. Although it is not universally accepted, one of the most widely supported definitions describes an international regime as, ‘implicit or explicit principles, norms, rules, and decision‐making procedures around which actors’ expectations converge in a given area of international relations'.¹ The ‘given area’ of concern here is telecommunication. Telecommunication and the principles, norms, rules and decision‐making procedures which are relevant to it at the international level—which have been studied extensively by communications and development economics scholars²—have only rarely been the focus of international relations scholars.³ The objective of this paper is to use tools from the study of international relations to explore subject matter that has more frequently been the focus of scholars in communications, development economics, and information economics.     

The faster country in Economic Development must be an International Center of Economy

The purpose of this study was to research the effects of faster pace of economic development and the reason why international economic centers are rapidly changed. The study analyzes the historical facts and materials concerning economic development from ancient times to the present,and analyzes the reason why one country or area becomes an international economic center. Then it concludes that if one nation or area's economy develops faster than that of other areas or nations, this nation or area must become the international economic center in a certain time.     

Mapping International Health onto Domestic Health: A Pentadic Cartography of Kathleen Sibelius’s Global Health Strategy

Pentadic cartography is a useful way to examine the motivational vocabularies of discourses and to provide alternative vocabularies for negotiating rhetorical terrains. Pentadic cartographers have used Kenneth Burke’s principles to examine and critique the motivational vocabularies of texts as their vocabularies compete against one another. This article expands the application of pentadic cartography by exploring maps as “overlays” or when two pentadic vocabularies do not necessarily compete but can complement one another. This study examines two potential competing mappings present in former Secretary of Health and Human Services Kathleen Sibelius’s (2012) speech outlining a new global health strategy, as well as an overlay map that negotiates domestic and global health. Each mapping is assessed for its abilities to open and to close the universe of discourse. The possibility of overlays as a supplement to pentadic cartography is outlined.     

会计国际协调背后的利益之争

国际会计准则是各利益集团利益之争的结果,本文试图通过分析国际会计准则的产生和变革以及其背后的利益之争,得到对我国参与会计国际协调的启示.     

教育组织现象学范式的哲学基础

教育组织现象学范式是一种有着重要影响的主观范式论,这种范式关注组织中人的存在,强调组织的可理解性与组织的建构性,认为组织是人的意志与价值的体现。古代哲学、德国古典哲学、现象学与存在主义、历史主义以及后现代主义等哲学思想都影响着这种范式的产生与发展。建立在这些哲学思想的基础之上,教育组织现象学范式对实证主义、理性主义以及结构功能主义展开批判,并构建出人本性、道德性与理解性的全新组织观。     

从"上海五国"机制到"上海合作组织"进程:非传统安全视角分析

冷战结束后，传统军事安全因素对国际社会秩序的威胁程度大大降低，而由非传统安全威胁引发地区性骚乱和冲突的危险性明显上升。在从“上海五国”机制发展为“上海合作组织”的进程中，各相关国家在成功解决共同面临的军事安全问题后，即转入到对恐怖主义、极端主义、分裂主义等恶势力的打击，并推动相互间的合作向经济、文化、社会保障等更广泛的领域中扩展。非传统安全的特征，要求“上海合作组织”树立综合安全观，发展以互利合作为主题的新型国家关系，逐渐成为一个更具开放性的组织。