体育高考生胫骨骨膜炎的调查与分析

小腿胫骨骨膜炎是一些体育考生在运动训练初期的常见病和多发病。本文对部分患有胫骨骨膜炎的同学进行了调查,结合此病的特点、病因、病理进行了理论分析,并提出了预防措施、治疗方法及一些建议。     

女运动员前交叉韧带的损伤及预防

本文综述了女运动员前交叉韧带的损伤因素，并针对这些因素提出了相应的预防措施。     

散打中常见的运动损伤与预防策略分析

现阶段,散打已经成为了一种受人欢迎的现代化运动项目,更是十分实用的一种搏击技术。进行散打训练能够有效地提升身体素质,培养训练者健康的心态,锻炼意志力、塑造良好的体形,因此,近年来散打运动受到了众多人的欢迎。但是散打同样是一项充满对抗的竞争性运动,运动员在进行大幅度运动的过程中难免会出现一些损伤。该文就散打中常见的运动损伤与预防策略做出分析,以供参考。     

预防老年人失能的体育干预研究

老龄化和高龄化问题产生也还渐加大了失能老年人口规模。如何有效减缓失能老人增长速度成为拄在政府面前的又一项重大课题。众多科学研究证实,体育锻炼能够推迟衰老的速度,提高健康水平,有效预防疾病。本文立足于根据对失能人口当前形势做出列断并分析其原因。发现我圈在解决失能老年人问题上存在很大的漏洞。因此本文通过对老年人体质的分析。得出适合老年人锻炼的体育项目并提出了一些如何解决失能老年人问题的措施。从而提高全体国民的生活质量,微到“老少兼顾”促进和谐社会的繁荣发展。     

Community‐based early intervention for children with behavioural,emotional and social problems: evaluation of the Scallywags Scheme

Scallywags is a community‐based, early intervention programme for young children (aged 3–7) with behavioural, emotional and social problems, which integrates work in the home and school with a parenting curriculum and direct work with children. A pre‐post intervention study across multi‐sites of 340 participants is reported. Using standardised measures, the study found statistically significant reductions in problems at home and school experienced by children who completed the programme, and in parental stress levels. Participation was found to be high and the project acceptable to parents, many of whom would be described as hard to reach. The rigorous evaluation of this real‐life service and its positive outcomes highlight the potential of such programmes to tackle the needs of these children and families, and help prevent longer‐term problems associated with early onset behavioural problems, including social exclusion, antisocial behaviour and educational failure.     

硕士研究生招生复试工作管理风险与防范

硕士研究生招生复试工作是是招生质量保障体系的重要环节,该项工作是由各个院校自主完成,长期以来受社会各界广泛关注.本文以管理学相关理论为基础,采用文献资料法,论述了硕士研究生招生复试工作的重要意义,指出研究生复试工作存在复试程序、生源质量和公正评判的管理风险,并提出通过信息公开、考题创新和加强监督的防范方法,以避免硕士研究生招生复试工作的管理风险.     

云南省高校体育公共课中体育伤害事故发生与预防

围绕公共体育课中体育伤害事故这一影响高校体育运动开展的难题,文章以云南省4所高校2000名学生、多年从事体育公共课教学的教师40人为研究对象,分别采取不同调查问卷对其进行体育公共课教学过程中体育伤害事故调查.问卷分析发现云南省高校体育公共课中体育伤害事故发生比例较高,其中发生一次伤害事故占调查总人数的17.4%;体育伤害事故类型主要为皮肤擦伤或裂伤、肌肉拉伤、韧带损伤以及骨折四类;受伤项目以田径、篮球、足球为主;学生掌握一定的急救知识,但对运动伤害事故处理能力有限.针对高校公共体育教学特点,根据调查中反映的问题,分别从学校、教师两个方面提出相应的预防措施,尽可能控制体育公共课中体育伤害事故的发生.     

Effectiveness of a school-based intervention to prevent child sexual abuse—Evaluation of the German IGEL program

BackgroundChild sexual abuse (CSA) is a problem with severe consequences for victimized children. A variety of interventions have been developed and implemented over the last decades to prevent CSA. However, most of them have not been systematically evaluated to determine their effectiveness. The IGEL program is a school-based intervention to prevent CSA in third-grade primary school children in Germany.MethodsThis study was conducted using a quasi-experimental design, in which almost 300 children and their parents from eight intervention and four control schools were surveyed three times (pretest, posttest, 3 months later). In order to measure outcomes, a questionnaire was developed based on validated instruments to assess the knowledge, courses of action and self-protective skills of the children. Furthermore, increased anxiety and generalized touch aversion were examined as potentially harmful side effects of the program.ResultsThe results clearly demonstrate increased CSA-related knowledge and courses of action in children from the intervention group compared to the control children. These effects were medium-sized and sustained for at least three months after the last session. No meaningful negative side effects were detected in the evaluation for either the children or parents.ConclusionThe outcome evaluation indicates that the IGEL program is an effective intervention in terms of knowledge about CSA and known courses of action, and may therefore contribute to the prevention of CSA in primary schools. Despite this positive core finding of the intermediate outcomes, some adaptations of the program to children with different cultural backgrounds were made prior to further dissemination.     

跨栏跑教学中运动损伤出现的原因及预防

对普通高校在距栏跑教学中发生的各类运动损伤进行了调查与分析，提出了预防运动损伤的一些意见和措施。     

Enhancing parental competencies for high risk mothers: An evaluation of prevention effects

A three-year study examined the effects of two prevention programs for sole-support mothers with preschool-aged children. A life-skills, esteem-building group program was compared with a group program teaching life skills combined with parent training. A non-randomized, repeated-measures design was employed with measures occurring before, after, and one year after each program for participants in the two intervention groups and for a group of matched comparison subjects. The lack of competency enhancement effects appeared to be a function of reduced exposure of subjects to the interventions. In addition, there was no support for the connection between short-term competency enhancement and long-term prevention of disorder. The negative results serve, in this report, as a cautionary tale highlighting the difficulties in conducting evaluations of primary prevention. It would appear that program planners are placed in a Catch-22 situation by trying to justify the effectiveness of primary prevention through short-term, low-intensity approaches.