Private speech in children with ADHD and their typically developing peers during problem-solving and inhibition tasks

This study compared private speech of children with ADHD and normal controls during problem solving and inhibition tasks. Thirty-two children (16 children with ADHD and 16 matched controls) aged 6–11 years participated. Consistent with previous studies, children with ADHD produced more task-irrelevant and task-relevant external private speech than control children during problem-solving tasks, but did not differ in their use of task-relevant internal private speech. During the inhibition/attention task (Continuous Performance Test-II), children with ADHD produced more task-relevant external and more task-relevant internal private speech, suggesting that they may have employed a less mature strategy to aid in self-regulation. The educational implications of the current study are that there should be an increased awareness of the developmental nature and functional significance of private speech and how private speech usage may differ in children with ADHD.     

私人领域的凸现与当今媒介文化的“私人化”

私人领域是与公共领域,尤其是与国家权力相对的活动空间。私人领域在不同时期的起伏变化,影响着同时代媒介文化的发展与特色。当今,媒介文化在私人领域彰显的情况下,呈现出私人化的特色。但媒介文化过度私人化则容易导致忽视公共性、侵犯他人隐私、流于媚俗等问题,这是值得警惕的。     

基于共被引网络群体中心度的我国人文社会科学领域知识扩散网络研究

研究我国人文社会科学各学科间知识扩散网络和路径,可以为开展跨学科研究和促进学科之间的交叉融合发展提供参考。采用群体中心度指标,基于文献的引证关系和共被引网络对不同学科的网络位置进行了测度,探析了以共被引网络群体中心度为测量指标的我国人文社会科学领域知识交叉与知识扩散状况。结果表明经济学、政治学、法学等学科作为我国人文社会科学领域的重点研究领域,在整个科学知识网络中扮演着重要的角色,其研究内容本身具有较强的学科交叉性,且对各学科都有较强的辐射作用。此外,马克思主义学科对经济学、心理学对教育学和体育学、哲学对政治学、环境科学对人文地理学等也有较强的知识扩散能力。     

Spatializing a global education phenomenon: private tutoring and mobility theory in Cambodia

ABSTRACT

Along with the dramatic expansion of private tutoring around the world, a significant body of literature has been produced to understand this phenomenon. While many studies consider the issue of geographic location, the spatial dimension tends not to be a central focus of private tutoring studies. In contrast, the present essay applies mobility theory to research from Cambodia, where private tutoring is essential to student success. It does so in order to place private tutoring provision into a broader perspective that includes but moves beyond the economic dimensions of supply and demand and the sociological dimensions of economic, cultural, and social capital to include consideration of how private tutoring provision is constrained by a multidimensional spatial field of possibilities and how private tutoring participation is enabled by one’s position and abilities in relation to that field. The paper argues for increased attention to ‘spatial capital’ in studies of private tutoring and education generally.     

Equalising schooling,unequalising private supplementary tutoring: access and tracking through shadow education in China

The global expansion of mass schooling has greatly increased opportunities for low-income families, and governments have devoted much effort to equalising access and quality in education systems. Alongside regular schooling, the so-called shadow education system of private supplementary tutoring has grown rapidly across the world. The fact that rich families can purchase more and better quality shadow education undermines the achievements of increased equality of opportunities in formal schooling. Drawing on a mixed-methods study in Shanghai, China, the article shows how shadow education has offset school equalisation policies through differentiation of access and through sorting mechanisms. Shadow education occupies a space beyond strict government control in which privileged families and elite schools ignore and mediate the equalisation policies, seeking competitive advantages. Uneven access to shadow education and tracking within it shape, maintain, and exacerbate inequitable schooling experiences at individual and institutional levels.     

秦岭自然保护区群成本效益研究(Ⅱ)——成本效益预测

本研究在秦岭自然保护区群成本效益计量研究成果的基础上,对成本效益进行进一步分析及预测。运用统计软件SPSS17.0结合十余种拟合曲线,根据秦岭自然保护区群中7个国家级自然保护区的成本效益截面数据,尝试性地进行了综合效益及三大成本之间关系曲线拟合。研究结果表明：根据模型拟合优度R2大小及显著水平Sig.判断,最终得出了成本效益之间的关系式。即三个拟合函数分别是：①综合效益（Qt）与直接保护成本（Xa）的函数曲线方程为：Qt=-68.244＋870.688Xa-2493.849Xa2＋2304.879Xa3;②综合效益（Qt）与间接保护成本（Xb）的函数曲线方程为：Qt=17.844e1.986Xb;③综合效益（Qt）与机会保护成本（Xc）的函数曲线方程为：Qt=-78.157＋104.775Xc-32.953Xc2＋3.296Xc3。本研究结果可以为国家有关部门进行保护区投资做有益的帮助,同时为陕西省自然保护区保护政策的完善做理论支撑。     

On the task assignment with group fairness for spatial crowdsourcing

Task assignment, the core problem of Spatial Crowdsourcing (SC), is often modeled as an optimization problem with multiple constraints, and the quality and efficiency of its solution determines how well the SC system works. Fairness is a critical aspect of task assignment that affects worker participation and satisfaction. Although the existing studies on SC have noticed the fairness problem, they mainly focus on fairness at the individual level rather than at the group level. However, differences among groups in certain attributes (e.g. race, gender, age) can easily lead to discrimination in task assignment, which triggers ethical issues and even deteriorates the quality of the SC system. Therefore, we study the problem of task assignment with group fairness for SC. According to the principle of fair budget allocation, we define a well-designed constraint that can be considered in the task assignment problem of SC systems, resulting in assignment with group fairness. We mainly consider the task assignment problem in a common One-to-One SC system (O2-SC), and our goal is to maximize the quality of the task assignment while satisfying group fairness and other constraints such as budget and spatial constraints. Specifically, we first give the formal definition of task assignment with group fairness constraint for O2-SC. Then, we prove that it is essentially an NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem. Next, we provide a novel fast algorithm with theoretical guarantees to solve it. Finally, we conduct extensive experiments using both synthetic and real datasets. The experimental results show that the proposed constraint can significantly improve the group fairness level of algorithms, even for a completely random algorithm. The results also show that our algorithm can efficiently and effectively complete the task assignment of SC systems while ensuring group fairness.     

基于DECE算法的蓝牙通讯加密

本文在分析蓝牙通讯加密技术缺陷的基础上,提出了DECE通讯加密算法,使得蓝牙对于数据通讯的保密性得到了强化。该算法也可用于网络中的嵌入式设备。     

域环境组策略下派发软件安装

中型以上规模的计算机网络,通常不采用对等式工作模式,而会采用C/S工作模式,并应用B/S模式来组建网络应用系统。企业网络采用域的组织结构,可以使得局域网的管理工作变得更集中、更容易、更方便。对域环境组策略下实现软件派发安装之方法、步骤进行了论述。