概率方法在解决实际问题中的应用

举例说明如何利用概率论和随机过程的相关知识建立目标函数,求出最优值来解决实际问题。     

关于多项式实零点的某些公开问题

本文回答Shapiro了提出的关于Narayana矩阵和Fibonacci矩阵的行的极限分布的公开问题,并给出了简单证明.     

大样本条件下概率阈限的改变对参数估计的影响

考生猜测作答是一种偏离测验构念的行为,可以通过ARRG法检验,并将与其相关的问题最小化。通过比较大样本情况下概率阈限的改变对参数估计的影响,发现ARRG法能明显提高数据-模型的拟合优度。大样本条件下,概率阈限的改变主要引起题目难度估计的变化,标准误的波动较小。本文为消除考生猜测作答的影响及使用ARRG法时根据样本量合理解释参数变化的意义提供参考。     

论话语权

本文认为建立平等、友善、互助、和谐的人际关系是话语权得以公平分布、顺利实施的基本条件。文章分析了话语权分布的倒金字塔型、伞字型、口字型和逆向对等型,探讨了滥用、占用、弃用和慎用话语权等现象,讨论了正导、误导、强导和祈导话语权等问题,从构建和谐社会与和谐语言的角度论述了话语权的重要性。     

In All Probability,Probability is not All

The national lottery is often portrayed as a game of pure chance with no room for strategy. This misperception seems to stem from the application of probability instead of expectancy considerations, and can be utilized to introduce the statistical concept of expectation.     

We Can Still Learn About Probability by Rolling Dice and Tossing Coins

Rolling dice and tossing coins can still be used to teach probability even if students know (or think they know) what happens in these experiments. This article considers many simple variations of these experiments which are interesting, potentially enjoyable and challenging. Using these variations can cause students (and teachers) to think again about the statistical issues involved – and learn in the process.     

由双缝干涉实验浅谈光的波粒二象性

本文根据杨氏双缝实验观测到的现象，从波的角度和粒子的角度，运用概率知识，分析讨论了光的波粒二象性．     

Different ways in which students handle chance encounters in the explorative setting of a dice game

The purpose of this study is to investigate the ways in which Swedish seventh grade students (12 and 13 years old) handle chance encounters. Four groups of students working in pairs participated in the study. In the group discussions, which were tape-recorded and fully transcribed, the students were encouraged to explore strategies for winning a specifically designed dice game based on the sum of two dice. The dice game included four different set-ups of dice designed to bring to the fore different aspects of probability modelling and to offer the student the opportunity to encounter small differences in the mathematical structure of the sample space and of the probability distribution between the four different set-ups. The study describes strategies that the students use when confronted with these different set-ups, what their activities imply in terms of resources in handling random phenomena and what the dice game offers in terms of opportunities for learning probability. In order to explain such meaning-making processes the students’ activities are viewed from a perspective that takes into consideration how the students’ understanding varies with their interpretations of the situation they are confronted with, i.e., how they contextualize the different set-ups of the dice game. The results show how the students, during the course of the game, reorganize their interpretations of the mathematical content confronting them, and how a variation of guiding principles becomes the object of exploration. Approaches of extremes and a number model are described as a means for the students to identify and assign probabilities for the total of two dice.     

数学直觉思维探索

首次提出了数学直宽思维模式，讨论了它的一些特定的研究问题（例如灵感问题）。