自由膨胀和扩散过程不可逆性的热统分析

从热力学观点和统计观点分别对自由膨胀和扩散过程的不可逆性进行了分析,从热力学观点来看,自由膨胀是在力学不可逆因素下发生的不可逆过程,扩散过程是在化学不可逆因素下发生的不可逆过程;从统计观点看,它们都是由热力学概率小的状态向概率大的状态变化,扩散过程可以看成是两个自由膨胀过程的叠加.     

大样本条件下概率阈限的改变对参数估计的影响

考生猜测作答是一种偏离测验构念的行为,可以通过ARRG法检验,并将与其相关的问题最小化。通过比较大样本情况下概率阈限的改变对参数估计的影响,发现ARRG法能明显提高数据-模型的拟合优度。大样本条件下,概率阈限的改变主要引起题目难度估计的变化,标准误的波动较小。本文为消除考生猜测作答的影响及使用ARRG法时根据样本量合理解释参数变化的意义提供参考。     

In All Probability,Probability is not All

The national lottery is often portrayed as a game of pure chance with no room for strategy. This misperception seems to stem from the application of probability instead of expectancy considerations, and can be utilized to introduce the statistical concept of expectation.     

Science achievement of english language learners in urban elementary schools: Results of a first‐year professional development intervention

This study is part of a 5‐year professional development intervention aimed at improving science and literacy achievement of English language learners (or ELL students) in urban elementary schools within an environment increasingly driven by high‐stakes testing and accountability. Specifically, the study examined science achievement at the end of the first‐year implementation of the professional development intervention that consisted of curriculum units and teacher workshops. The study involved 1,134 third‐grade students at seven treatment schools and 966 third‐grade students at eight comparison schools. The results led to three main findings. First, treatment students displayed a statistically significant increase in science achievement. Second, there was no statistically significant difference in achievement gains between students at English to Speakers of Other Language (ESOL) levels 1 to 4 and students who had exited from ESOL or never been in ESOL. Similarly, there was no significant difference in achievement gains between students who had been retained on the basis of statewide reading test scores and students who had never been retained. Third, treatment students showed a higher score on a statewide mathematics test, particularly on the measurement strand emphasized in the intervention, than comparison students. The results indicate that through our professional development intervention, ELL students and others in the intervention learned to think and reason scientifically while also performing well on high‐stakes testing. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 45: 31–52, 2008     

煤炭行业2007年职工教育统计分析报告

对27个大中型煤炭企业调查统计显示,职工教育培训工作有了新发展,煤炭行业职工队伍文化结构、职称结构、技能等级结构有所改善,但仍低于全国平均水平。     

Teaching first‐year statistics students with COVID‐19 real‐world data: Graphs

It is said that a picture is worth a thousand words, but what about graphs? Although graphs have the potential to bring data to life, numerous studies show that learners struggle with graphical comprehension. Furthermore, many textbook examples on graphs are boring and appear meaningless to students. Students want to know more about something which is interesting, meaningful, and worth knowing, in other words, something relevant. With the outbreak of the novel coronavirus in December 2019, COVID‐19 is dominating the news worldwide, and the internet is flooded with visual presentations about the virus. To make statistics more fascinating and exciting, relevant and real‐world data such as these can be used in the classroom to stimulate the learning of important statistical concepts such as graphs. Curcio's three levels of graphical comprehension were used as a framework in this study, while the importance of developing a global view on distributions was also emphasized.     

Meta‐analysis and mega‐analysis: A simple introduction

Statistical methods are increasingly being used to integrate findings from the ever‐expanding universe of empirical research. Meta‐analysis encompasses various techniques for synthesizing summary statistics, and mega‐analysis pools raw data across studies. This paper offers an introduction to meta‐analysis and mega‐analysis that complements the study of analysis of variance (ANOVA). After a brief conceptual discussion, we provide simple numerical examples.     

我国5种自然科学期刊引文调查分析

运用文献计量学方法,对我国的自然科学5种核心期刊1994-2005年间所载论文的引文进行一次系统的调查与分析,从中寻找出我国自然科学研究论文引文的一般规律。     

上海市技术比较优势及其演变分析——基于上海市职务发明专利申请的统计分析

上海市是我国发明专利申请最活跃和技术创新能力最强的城市之一,充分发挥其技术比较优势,不仅有利于其进一步提升技术创新能力,而且也有利于其代表我国在全球科技竞争中占据制高点。本文在对上海职务发明专利申请进行分技术领域统计的基础上,首先对上海职务发明专利申请态势、技术领域分布及其在全国中的地位进行了分析,其次根据其不同技术领域的显性技术比较优势指数,对其技术比较优势及演变进行了研究,最后对上述分析结果的公共政策含义进行了初步探讨。     

科学群落的梯度结构及其生产函数

本文将“科学群落”定义为科学子系统之一 ,并从角色期望、人格积淀、结构化机制和社会性差异等方面与“科学共同体”、“科学学派”及“科学组织”进行了比较 ,进而讨论了基于生态场类比的群落梯度结构属性 ,并基于发文数的洛特卡统计提出了梯度产出数学模型。