问题解决的信息机制

阐述了信息科学中的一些基本问题，并利用信息科学的观点对问题解决理论进行了分析和总结，从而对问题解决概念、影响因子与问题解决过程中的信息活动模式和信息机制有了新的比较深入的认识。所得结论对问题解决方法研究和表象与环境相互作用的系统设计具有一定的参考价值。     

论导游队伍结构的问题、原因及对策

我国导游队伍不断发展壮大,但结构并不完善,尚且存在数量偏少、学历偏低、技术等级不高、队伍不稳定等问题。产生这些问题的原因是多方面的,既有导游自身的原因,也有企业的原因,还有行政管理部门的原因。针对导游队伍结构存在的问题和原因,必须采取合理措施,健全各种机制,改善导游队伍结构。     

对我国社会科学领域博士后工作的思考

美国博士后工作已经有一百多年的历史,其发展经验表明,社会科学领域需要博士后工作。本文在梳理我国社会科学领域博士后工作的历史、描述发展现状的基础上,重点分析了我国社会科学领域博士后工作中遇到的一些现实问题,如培养方式单一、经费较少、对人才成长的作用没有理工科明显、流动站发展定位不清等。     

高校图书馆微信公众号用户消极使用行为影响因素研究

[目的/意义]探究高校图书馆微信公众号用户消极使用行为的影响因素,为改进服务质量、优化使用体验和提升用户活跃度等提供有价值的意见和建议。[方法/过程]借鉴信息过载、信息系统成功模型及媒介系统依赖理论的相关研究成果,构建图书馆微信公众平台用户消极使用行为模型,并通过问卷调查和结构方程模型进行验证。[结果/结论]信息过载正向影响用户不满意度,信息质量、服务质量及依赖均负向影响用户不满意度,不满意度正向影响用户的忽略和取关行为,依赖负向影响用户的忽略行为和取关行为;不满意度对忽略行为影响程度大于取关行为,而依赖对取关行为的影响程度大于忽略行为。     

对体育旅游概念的思考

通过对国内外体育旅游概念研究的回顾,找出其中存在的主要问题,并通过对体育旅游及相关概念的分析,结合体育旅游在我国发展的形势及当前我国构建和谐社会,推进全民健身计划的需要,从社会文化的视角重新对其进行解释。     

教师行为研究:课程与教学论的重要研究方向

20世纪,课程论和教学论得到了巨大发展,同时也暴露出实践品性不足的倾向。这种倾向既是课程与教学论发展的一个阶段性标志,也为课程与教学论的进一步发展提供了空间。近年来,课程与教学论的整合研究越来越受到重视,这为增强课程与教学论的实践品性提供了新的思路,也为教师行为研究提供了新的理论基础。教师行为研究是一项实践性比较强的研究,成为课程与教学论整合的一个重要途径,为课程与教学论的发展开辟了一个新的研究方向。     

A longitudinal investigation of protective factors for bereaved maltreated youth

BackgroundMaltreated youth are at an elevated risk for the development of problem behaviors. Coping with the death of a family member or close friend during adolescence, referred to as bereavement, is a stressful event that could potentiate risk linked to maltreatment. However, developmental research suggests that youth adjustment is a product of multiple risk and protective factors. Although maltreated youth who experience loss may be particularly vulnerable to behavior problems, personal and contextual factors may attenuate or exacerbate youths’ risk for internalizing and externalizing psychopathology.ObjectiveThe overarching goal of this study is to examine individual, family, and community-level protective factors for maltreated youth who experience bereavement. Specifically, we aim to examine the effect of age 12 bereavement on age 16 internalizing and externalizing psychopathology, and to investigate the moderating role of multi-level protective factors at ages 14 and 16.MethodsThe study consisted of a sample of 800 youth (52.4% female, 45.1% African-American) drawn from the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect (LONGSCAN), collected from 1998 to 2011.ResultsMaltreated youth who experienced significant loss were at increased risk for externalizing symptoms, compared to non-bereaved maltreated youth (β = 0.085, p < .05). Individual future orientation (β = 0.103, p < .05) family future orientation (β = −0.120, p < .05), parental monitoring (β = −0.123, p< .01), and neighborhood collective efficacy (β = −0.126, p < .01) each significantly moderated the association between bereavement and externalizing symptoms.ConclusionsThese results have implications for future interventions aimed towards reducing problem behaviors in adolescents with a history of child maltreatment and who experience bereavement.     

Associations between individual and collective efficacy beliefs and students' bystander behavior

This study examined whether defending and passive bystanding during peer victimization episodes were associated with individual- and classroom-level efficacy to stop peer victimization. Self-report survey data were analyzed from 1,467 Swedish fourth-grade students (mean age = 10.55) from 100 classrooms in 63 schools. Multilevel analyses revealed that, when witnessing peer victimization, students more often defended victims if they were high in defender self-efficacy and if they belonged to classrooms high in collective efficacy. In contrast, students were more likely to remain passive if they were low in defender self-efficacy and if they belonged to classrooms low in collective efficacy. Taken together, our findings suggest that efficacy beliefs both at the individual and at the classroom level contribute to explaining variability in students' bystander behaviors, which has potential implications for prevention and intervention work.     

Teen Perceptions of the Promotion of Safer Sexual Practices: A Focus Group Study

Teens' own thoughts on fostering safe sexual practice are important perspectives in promoting adolescent sexual health yet are relatively absent in the literature. This focus group study explored teens' perceptions about the supports and challenges that exist as teens strive to engage in healthy sexual practices. Seventy-five teens participated in 11 focus groups using a semi-structured interview guide. School-based health centers provided the setting and facilitated sample recruitment. Focus groups were audiorecorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed using the focus group guide as a template and typologies, or clusters of concepts, were extracted to establish teen perceptions of the factors that support and challenge their ability to engage in safe sexual practices. The socio-ecological model provided the framework to identify these factors within the individual, family/parent, relational (peer/partner), community, or societal spheres of influence. Results discussed the importance of parents, the value of confidentiality, respect for teen decision-making, relationships skills, developmental aspects of the adolescent years, and social interpretations of gender. These findings revealed important considerations as adults develop policies, messages, and programs designed to promote safe sexual behavior in teens.     

Reflections on Transformative Experiences with Mathematical Inquiry: The Case of Christine

Abstract

We present a first-hand, longer-term account of one student’s (Christine’s) experiences in and after a mathematics inquiry course. In this course, students actively posed problems, conducted their own mathematical explorations, and wrote journal entries about their experiences. During the course, Christine found that inquiry helped her develop mathematical content knowledge and a deeper understanding of the nature of research. After the course, Christine became a mathematics education faculty member in a mathematics department and reports that the course impacted the way she teaches mathematics. This provides an illustrative case of the potential long-lasting benefits of an inquiry course.