多元文化背景下的传统抉择与革新——论台湾“表演工作坊”相声剧的美学路向

"表演工作坊"相声剧所由诞生的特殊土壤,使其在叙事结构、角色设置等方面,体现出多元文化背景下现代台湾人身份认同的困境;在主题上则高度关切对中国文化传统的追寻与赓续,并在技术上实验多种传统艺术形式,以此作为从困境中突围的努力方向。台湾相声剧充分汲取民族艺术的养分,用现代剧场观念改造相声这一古老的说唱艺术,不仅开发了民间曲艺的现代潜力,而且出于对传统文化的自觉传承,充分借用古典文学的艺术手法开展技术革新,从而造就了一种超越于一般民俗艺术的文人化的高级艺术形态。     

问题解决在线协作学习中的问题设计研究

问题设计是问题解决学习中知识建构的基础,是问题解决学习得以开展的前提条件。首先,研究分析了问题解决在线协作学习所针对的问题,在性质、组成信息等方面的基本特征,并针对上述特征,提出由意义信息、支持信息和知识线索组成的问题设计结构。其次,实证研究部分利用准实验研究的方法,验证了问题设计结构的有效性。实证研究的结论认为,问题设计结构能够增强学习者在线问题解决学习的效果,并提升学习者对学习的主观感知。最后,结合具体的设计经验,研究给出了问题设计的具体策略。     

Building trust among enemies: The central challenge for international conflict resolution

The article presents an approach to the gradual building of trust among enemies, who—even when they have an interest in making peace—are afraid to extend trust to each other lest it jeopardize their own existence. Efforts to resolve the conflict, therefore, confront a basic dilemma: Parties cannot enter into a peace process without some degree of mutual trust, but they cannot build trust without entering into a peace process. The article discusses the ways in which interactive problem solving—a form of unofficial diplomacy, which the author has applied most extensively to the Israeli–Palestinian case—attempts to deal with this dilemma. It describes five concepts that have proven useful to confronting this dilemma in problem-solving workshops with politically influential Israelis and Palestinians and that should also be relevant to trust building in the larger peace process: the view of movement toward peace as a process of successive approximations, in which the level of commitment gradually increases with the level of reassurance; the role of the third party as a repository of trust, particularly in the early stages of the process; the focus on “working trust” in the other's seriousness about peace based on their own interests (rather than interpersonal trust based on good will); the view of the relationship between participants in the peace process as an uneasy coalition; and the development of a systematic process of mutual reassurance, based on responsiveness and reciprocity.     

问题解决研究的一个世纪:回顾与前瞻

本文首先分析了问题解决的含义以及研究的重要性 ,然后重点梳理了过去一个世纪 ,特别是最近五十年里认知心理学关于问题解决研究的历史脉络 ,最后展望了今后的研究方向。笔者认为问题解决研究应该建立在信息加工与建构主义思想整合的基础上 ,坚持主客体相互作用观 ,把问题解决既看作信息加工过程 ,又视为知识建构过程 ,继续深入研究。     

The impact of virtual simulation tools on problem-solving and new product development organization

New product development nowadays makes heavy use of IT instruments such as virtual simulation tools. The main motivation for introducing virtual simulation tools in new product development is to speed up development and lower its cost. Virtual simulation tools, however, do much more. They introduce profound changes in the organization, including the nature of problem-solving, bearing the potential to increase new product development performance beyond cost and lead time reduction. Understanding these profound changes, we argue, holds the key to unlocking the potential of virtual simulation tools for improving new product development performance, including more innovative products. We support our argument with a case study from the European auto industry.     

Analysing student written solutions to investigate if problem-solving processes are evident throughout

An interdisciplinary science course has been implemented at a university with the intention of providing students the opportunity to develop a range of key skills in relation to: real-world connections of science, problem-solving, information and communications technology use and team while linking subject knowledge in each of the science disciplines. One of the problems used in this interdisciplinary course has been selected to evaluate if it affords students the opportunity to explicitly display problem-solving processes. While the benefits of implementing problem-based learning have been well reported, far less research has been devoted to methods of assessing student problem-solving solutions. A problem-solving theoretical framework was used as a tool to assess student written solutions to indicate if problem-solving processes were present. In two academic years, student problem-solving processes were satisfactory for exploring and understanding, representing and formulating, and planning and executing, indicating that student collaboration on problems is a good initiator of developing these processes. In both academic years, students displayed poor monitoring and reflecting (MR) processes at the intermediate level. A key impact of evaluating student work in this way is that it facilitated meaningful feedback about the students’ problem-solving process rather than solely assessing the correctness of problem solutions.     

EPIP教学模式的教育论探究

EPIP是在我们长期教育实践与理论研究基础上,提出的一种教学模式,适合于创新型、复合型、应用型技术技能人才培养,在“鲁班工坊”建设中做了实验。文章从EPIP的核心要素入手,论述了职业教育的教育科学和EPIP相关教育论述,阐述了EPIP宏观层面的院校办学应用,并对于宏观EPIP的本质进行了思考和解析,是职业教育模式的探索。     

The influence of perceptually rich manipulatives and collaboration on mathematic problem-solving and perseverance

We conducted a two-part study to examine how the use of different manipulatives, levels of instructional guidance, and collaboration among college-aged students influenced their mathematics performance and perseverance. In Study 1, we manipulated different types of manipulatives (no manipulative, bland, and perceptually rich), and different contextual factors of instructional guidance (high vs. low) to identify how they influenced students’ ability to complete mathematical problems as well as impact students’ perseverance. Findings showed that participants’ use of bland manipulatives positively impacts their ability to complete word problems. Study 2, grounded in findings from Study 1, incorporated collaborative learning to lessen the negative effects of using perceptually rich manipulatives and enhance students’ perseverance in mathematics. The results from Study 2 aligned with the findings from Study 1 concerning the negative effect of perceptual richness for problem-solving and perseverance. Moreover, the collaboration of participants had a positive effect on students’ perseverance during problem-solving as students who collaborated with perceptually rich manipulatives persevered as much as those who collaborated with bland manipulatives as well as those who worked individually with bland manipulatives.     

公众共享数字图书馆——国际文献资源共享空间

公众共享数字图书馆（DigitalLibraryoftheCommons）是一个服务公众的资源共享国际文献库,作为印第安纳大学政治理论和政策分析研究室和印第安纳大学数字图书馆项目的一个合作工程,其主要任务是免费向公众提供有关共享资源、公共集中资源和公共财产方面的国际文献。文章从项目概述、资源组织、服务及技术特征等方面对该数字图书馆进行了综合性描述和介绍,同时给出了作者的评价和建议。     

项目学习法在商务英语实训中的应用研究

项目学习强调通过完成一系列任务来培养学生解决实际问题的能力。教学实践证明,将项目学习运用到商务英语实训中,不仅能提高学生理论联系实际的能力、主动分析和解决问题的能力以及英语实践能力,还能增强学生的合作意识和责任意识。