课程改革:在实施中异变的原因与对策

随着课程改革实践的发展,课程实施的异变问题已或隐或现地存在,并受到越来越多的关注。课程实施中的异变,就是事先设计好的课程理想或预期目标在课程实施中逐渐发生变化,实践层面实施的课程在性质、状态或情形上不同于改革前所预先设计的那样。课程实施中存在两种异变,即超越性异变和衰减性异变。引起课程异变的原因,主要来自课程自身。在课程实施过程中,要尽量促进超越性异变的产生,避免衰减性异变,这是确保课程成功实施的关键。     

A treatment and education program for parents and children who are at-risk of abuse and neglect

A treatment program for families at-risk of abusive or neglectful parenting was described and evaluated. The program combined intervention strategies and concepts based on research on abuse, early intervention, education and social service. Treatment and education for the parent and child were provided in the three services of the program: Home-Based, Family School, and Neighborhood Peer Support Groups. At-risk families were identified by a high-risk stress index. Program evaluation was based on 46 families and their 74 preschool-age children. Data collected were: incidence of child abuse or neglect, family stresses, observations of parent-child interactions, family goal measurement, and developmental testing of the children. A significant reduction occurred in the number of children abused or neglected as compared to a similar high-risk, nonintervention sample. The family stresses were reduced, parent-child interactions improved, and the intellectual decline of the children was prevented. Families who participated in all three services gained the most from the program.     

推行科学管理抓好支部工作

贯彻“求真务实”精神，提高管理效率，必须推行科学管理。只要正确理解科学管理的涵义，高度认识推行科学管理的意义，大力宣传科学管理的知识，加快传统体制改革步伐，完善用人机制，严格用人制度，加强科学管理研究，我们就能使科学管理思想被党支部管理者内化、升华、落实到实践中，收到应有的效果。     

基础实验室安全管理对策研究

实验室是高校开展人才培养和科学研究的必备场所,实验室的安全对整个高校的安全和稳定至关重要。新时期高校实验室安全面临许多新的问题,并由此引发不少的伤亡事故。笔者针对本院实验室存在的安全隐患及其原因,提出以“以人为本、预防在先”为核心的安全思想,提出了改进和加强实验室安全管理的若干对策。     

C程序设计课程的教学探索与实践

针对C程序设计课程的特点及其在软件专业课程体系中的地位和作用,提出了建立内存观点、以算法为中心、树立面向工程的思想、发挥其前导作用等教学思路。     

Implementation of formative assessment – effects of quality of programme delivery on students’ mathematics achievement and interest

The aim of this study was to contribute to the understanding of the effectiveness of formative assessment interventions by analysing how the quality of programme delivery affects students’ mathematics achievement and interest. Teachers (n = 17) implemented formative assessment in their ninth-grade mathematics classes and provided their students (n = 426) with written process-oriented feedback. Four feedback characteristics (number of feedback comments, specificity, feedback at self level, social reference norm) and two types of embedment of feedback in the instructional context (focus on feedback utilisation, focus on performance evaluation) were evaluated. Multilevel regression analyses revealed no significant effects of feedback characteristics on interest but negative effects of number of feedback comments and specificity on achievement in mathematics. Positive effects on mathematics achievement and interest were found when feedback was embedded in instruction and had emphasis on feedback utilisation. Students’ interest also was affected positively when performance evaluation was stressed.     

试论全民健身计划的全面实施

国家以法律形式推出全民健身计划 ,给我国竞技体育的发展提供了良好的历史契机 ,是奥运争光战略计划的必要条件。全民健身必然会提高全体国民的身体素质 ,为竞技体育人才的选拔以及体育产业的开发打下良好的基础     

新中国成立以来我国中小学校长培训发展：回眸与展望

校长培训对中小学校长队伍建设起着至关重要的作用。回眸新中国成立以来,中小学校长培训工作经历了由小到大、由重数量、规模到质量与规模并重的发展历程,在曲折中不断探索前进,经历了孕育产生期、渐进发展期、巩固完善期、质量提高期四个阶段,在培训管理、培训内容与培训方式等方面逐步完善,正在建成新时代中国特色中小学校长培训体系,实现中小学校长培训由"量"到"质"的跨越,多措并举促进乡村中小学校长培训稳步发展。展望新时代,要造就一支政治过硬、品德高尚、业务精湛、治校有方的校长队伍,我们需要深化培训管理体制机制改革,开放校长培训市场;坚持问题导向,服务教育发展重大需求;联动推进"校长工作坊",打造地区培训品牌;加强训后跟踪指导,构建新时代校长培训质量评价标准,培养新时代具有中国特色、世界水准的中小学校长队伍。     

职业教育课程改革实施中的问题研究——关注实施的个体层面

课程实施不是静态的、直线的理论付诸实践过程,也不是刚性的要求或规定,而是长期的、充满变数的复杂过程。目前,无论是时间还是财力,对职业教育课程实施的投入都远远不够,也没有给予课程实施中发生重组的教育因素应有的重视。而只有很好的解决这些由理念偏差和操作失误带来的问题,才不会违背课改的初衷。     

公共政策执行理论模型探析

在政策执行理论研究过程中,执行理论家们提出了各种各样的政策执行模型,这些模型大大丰富和发展了政策科学的理论内涵,推动着政策执行理论研究向综合化、多元化方向发展。