考前心境水平对体育高考成绩影响的研究

目的：探讨体育高考考前心境水平对高考成绩的影响。方法：选择素质项目（800米）得分和球类项目（篮球）得分作为考试成绩,考试得分为现场计时成绩转换成15分制成绩（800米）和12分制成绩（篮球）。考试前用心境状态量表（POMS）来测定考前心境水平。结果：体育高考生心境TMD低分组与TMD中等组相比,800米高考成绩上,TMD低分组显著优于TMD中等组,篮球高考成绩上,两组差异不显著;TMD高分组与TMD中等组相比,TMD高分组与TMD低分组相比,800米高考成绩和篮球高考成绩上,差异不显著。结论：心境状况影响800米高考成绩,不影响篮球高考成绩;在800米考试期间,心境状态很好、很积极的考生考试成绩明显优于心境状态一般的学生。然而,心境状态很好的学生与心境不佳的学生相比,考试成绩没有差异。     

第29届奥运会女子体操单项完成分的客观性

采用文献资料法,数理统计法和逻辑分析法对2008年第29届奥运会女子体操比赛单项决赛的完成裁判评分数据进行了客观性分析,结果表明：单项决赛完成分的整体客观性系数都比较高（高低杠稍低）;4个项目的评分差异不显著,裁判员评分的标准比较一致,但评分的随机误差较大,对运动员最后得分的可信度影响不大;极差值和无效分的出现机率较大。指出提高体操裁判评分客观性的主要途径：在保证裁判员水平的前提下,合理控制和处理评分误差,减少无效分的出现机率。     

Effects of CLIL on second language learning: Disentangling selection,preparation, and CLIL-effects

The positive effects of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) on the development of students’ foreign language skills may have been overestimated by previous studies, since most studies failed to consider selection and preparation effects appropriately. Therefore, the present study used complete survey data from a 2002–2007 cohort to investigate English skill development of N = 385 German CLIL and N = 5,578 non-CLIL grammar school students from grade seven (M = 12.46, SD = 0.53) to grade eight (M = 14.46, SD = 0.53). Firstly, we found significant selection effects for performance in primary school, sociodemographic variables, and cognitive abilities. Secondly, after propensity score matching, data revealed significant preparation effects of additional second language instruction for the CLIL students. When controlling selection and preparation effects, only a small and non-significant CLIL effect occurred measured by a C-test. We discuss the results with regard to previous inconsistent findings.     

The academic achievement of American Indians

The academic achievement of American Indians has not been extensively studied. Using NAEP supplements, we find that the average achievement relative to white students resembles other disadvantaged groups. However, there are several differences. Family characteristics explain two times as much of the raw gap as for blacks. School factors also account for a larger portion of the gap than for blacks or Hispanics. The distribution is also strikingly different: low performing American Indian students have a substantially larger gap than high performing students. Finally, racial self-identification is more strongly related to achievement, especially as American Indian students age.     

Family learning environment and early literacy: A comparison of bilingual and monolingual children

Early research on literacy development usually focuses on children in preschool or kindergarten. Few studies have examined the early literacy of bilingual children. This study examines its relationship with different family learning environments (e.g. book availability), and family learning activities (e.g. reading books, telling stories, and singing songs) of bilingual and monolingual children from 9 months of age to kindergarten entry. The Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort was used as the analysis sample. We included 1300 bilingual children and 5150 English monolingual children. We uncover that bilingual children generally lag behind in both resources and frequency of family learning activities. Using various decomposition techniques, we show that early reading score differences between bilingual and monolingual children can be explained by differences in resources and early family learning environments.     

论如何建立正确的射箭撒放动作

射箭运动是奥运会中的一项重要竞技项目。文章主要运用文献资料法,研究论述了建立正确的射箭撒放动作是取得优异比赛成绩有关键。     

基于案例推理的平衡计分法在财务预警体系构建应用研究

采用案例推理技术和平衡计分法的研究方法构建一个完整的包括预警和排警的财务预警体系。通过实证研究,这是一个比较理想的建立财务预警系统的方法,同时提出应用平衡记分法来建立企业的财务预警指标,提高预警的精度。通过建立能够融入企业日常营运的财务预警系统,可以加强企业的风险控制,同时提高预测的精度并和企业的战略结合起来。     

基于一种新的信息熵的区间直觉模糊集多属性决策分析

本文对权重未知的区间直觉模糊集进行了探讨。给出了基于犹豫度基础上区间直觉模糊集的得分函数,并提出新的信息熵及基于信息熵的权重表达式,最后给出基于此方法的区间直觉模糊集多属性决策分析方法,并用实例加以验证该方法是切实有效的。     

数学测验中的不变分数及其在实践中的应用

在同一次测验中,对于不同能力的被试,其能力分数的估计误差也是不相同的.能力分数除了具有测验分数的直观意义外,它还具有以下特征:能力分数是"不变分数";能力分数是相合估计;能力分数呈正态分布.将不变分数概念和项目反应理论结合起来应用于学生的学业成就评价,可有效克服测验分数的固有缺陷.     

“鱼山梵呗”的源流演化及乐谱形式探原

"鱼山梵呗"的源流演化及其乐谱形式一直是音乐文化史上未能解决的重要课题。刘宋间开始出现曹植仿效鱼山诵经声造制梵响之说,鱼山梵响与道教音乐互有影响。至北周时期,鱼山音乐已经成为佛教音乐的主要形式。南朝至唐代的大量资料说明,"鱼山梵呗"经历过层递式的被创造、被选择、被淘汰的演化过程。"鱼山梵呗"在此之前就已经产生了。曹植所制"鱼山梵呗"乐谱虽已不存,但从《步虚经》及《鱼山声明集》所存的曲谱均采用"声曲折"谱式来看,刘宋时期《异苑》中所说的"解音者"仿照鱼山梵音所作的"步虚声",与日本胜林院所流传"鱼山"声明音乐都是中国较古老的音乐遗留,它们作为中国较早的佛教、道教音乐形式,都曾明显受到"鱼山梵呗"的影响,从中尚可窥见"鱼山梵呗"的原始面貌。根据葛玄的生活年代,其所创的《步虚经》可确定为晋至刘宋这段时间,那么比它更早存在的"鱼山梵呗",其创制年代或可上溯到魏晋时期,这与曹植生活的年代基本一致。