2005-2007年自学考试《高级英语》考试成绩统计分析——以甘肃省为例

确保考试质量是保持自学考试生命力的关键所在。本文对2005-2007年《高级英语》考试成绩的分数分布、平均分、标准差、偏态值等进行了分析,目的是为命题教师改进命题质量提供可资参考的数据,为考生提供考试信息,指导其学习。     

知识产权案件“三审合一”对企业创新质量的影响

提升创新质量是我国经济实现高质量发展的关键,知识产权案件“三审合一”改革是提高知识产权司法保护力度、促进知识经济发展的重要举措。本文以“三审合一”改革作为准自然实验,采用倾向得分匹配基础上的“渐进式”双重差分法（PSM-DID）实证评估以“三审合一”改革为代表的知识产权保护制度创新对企业创新质量的影响。结果表明：“三审合一”改革能够显著提升企业的创新质量,这一结论在考虑了识别假设条件和一系列其他可能的干扰因素后依然成立;分析师关注度与研发投入强度在“三审合一”对企业创新质量的促进过程中发挥部分链式中介作用;该促进作用对大型企业、非国有企业和非高技术企业创新质量更加显著。本文为“法与创新”领域提供了新证据,对探寻创新升级新路径以及知识产权司法保护模式改革具有一定参考价值。     

论中小学教育评价的变异机理与修复策略

“唯分数”的教育评价体制是导致我国中小学“应试教育”死循环的原点,根治“应试教育”的毒瘤必须深入教育评价运行的“内循环”系统中去。从发生论角度看,教育评价的元模型是其三个环节——维度抽取、刻度度量与结果适用等铰链而成的一个闭路循环。当代中小学教育评价变异现象滋生于该模型的各个链环上,一味追求可测化、数量化、社会化是教育评价离心运转、逐步异化的内因。从变异机理上分析,中小学教育评价变异源自维度抽取中的顾此失彼、属性量化中的意义耗散与社会适用中的分数暴力。面向未来,中小学教育评价异化现象的修复路径是:倡导“三个兼顾”,让评价工作在回归评价对象的整体、本体与教育属性的过程中有效应对异化现象的发生。     

外语阅读焦虑和模糊容忍度对外语阅读理解的影响研究

利用两种测量手段,对学生的外语阅读焦虑、外语学习模糊容忍度和外语阅读理解成绩进行测试和相关分析。统计结果显示：学生的外语阅读焦虑和外语学习模糊容忍度均为中度;且阅读理解成绩与外语阅读焦虑呈负相关关系,与外语学习模糊容忍度呈正相关关系;外语阅读焦虑与外语学习模糊容忍度呈负相关关系。     

Five Methods for Estimating Angoff Cut Scores with IRT

This article illustrates five different methods for estimating Angoff cut scores using item response theory (IRT) models. These include maximum likelihood (ML), expected a priori (EAP), modal a priori (MAP), and weighted maximum likelihood (WML) estimators, as well as the most commonly used approach based on translating ratings through the test characteristic curve (i.e., the IRT true‐score (TS) estimator). The five methods are compared using a simulation study and a real data example. Results indicated that the application of different methods can sometimes lead to different estimated cut scores, and that there can be some key differences in impact data when using the IRT TS estimator compared to other methods. It is suggested that one should carefully think about their choice of methods to estimate ability and cut scores because different methods have distinct features and properties. An important consideration in the application of Bayesian methods relates to the choice of the prior and the potential bias that priors may introduce into estimates.     

Preliminary evidence for the impact of mixed-income preschools on low-income children's language growth

Previous studies have identified the features of preschool programs that correlate with positive outcomes for low-income children, but the impact of economic integration has not been studied. This study compares the receptive language growth of two groups of children from low-income families. One group of children (N = 35) attended economically integrated preschools and the other (N = 50) attended preschools for low-income families. Language scores of the two groups were not significantly different when they entered the programs in the fall, but the children in integrated programs scored significantly higher than the other group in the spring. This effect was not significant for children who spoke a language other than English at home. The impact of program type was most evident for children from low-income families who spoke only English at home. When these children were integrated into economically mixed programs their spring scores (adjusted for fall scores) were not significantly different from those of English-speaking peers from more affluent families in the same programs. It is suggested that the language skills of these more advantaged peers may have had a positive impact on the language learning environment in the economically integrated preschools. Implications for school readiness initiatives and further study are discussed.     

Best-bet channels for integrated soil fertility management communication and dissemination along the agricultural product value-chain: a comparison of northern Ghana and western Kenya

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to comparatively assess the most suitable channels for dissemination of agricultural innovations along the entire information value chain.

Design/Methodology/Approach: We calculated information scores to measure channel preference from a randomly selected sample of farmers: 285 in Tamale, Ghana and 300 in Kakamega, Kenya. Using t-tests we compared the information score differences of different channels between farmers who adopted Integrated Soil Fertility Management and those who did not.

Findings: The highest information scores were observed for radio along the entire value chain for both locations. However, farmers in Tamale prefered interpersonal channels for processing information. Radio and farmer field days had the highest rankings for production information at both locations. Radio, workshops and interpersonal channels (traders and neighbours/friends/relatives) were best-bet channels for marketing and procesing information.

Practical implication: Extension agents should place more emphasis on channels such as radio, farmer field days, and workshops as they may offer more efficient delivery of information packages at all levels, whilst recognizing the central role of interpersonal channels.

Theoretical implication: The nexus between the uses and gratification, adoption, diffusion of innovations theories and the collaborative communication theory on one hand, and the agricultural product value chain framework on the other, is highlighted. Farmers’ preference for information channels is not predicated on the stage of the value chain.

Originality/Value: In the current context of weak agricultural knowledge and innovation systems in African agriculture, agricultural producers are poorly informed about the current innovations. This study furnishes empirical evidence on the best-bet information channels to be used by extension workers and change agents to disseminate and communicate system innovations.     

学分制下的班级管理模式探讨

传统的班级管理(自然班)随着完全学分制的实行,已经不完全适应高校学生教育和管理的需要.探讨学分制下的班级管理,具有十分重要的意义.文章结合所在的教学单位实际,对学分制下的班级管理模式进行了探讨,尝试了一些做法,收到了比较明显的效果.     

非英语专业学生听力焦虑现状的调查研究

本研究从负面评价焦虑、听力考试焦虑和听力课堂焦虑三个纬度，调查分析了非英语专业学生的听力焦虑现状。结果显示，多数非英语专业学生处于低度焦虑状态；听力成绩与听力焦虑呈负相关，中高度焦虑抑制听力学习；听力焦虑与性格相关；听力课堂焦虑与性别呈弱相关，而负面评价焦虑及听力考试焦虑与性别无关。