A comparative study of lens protein glycation in various forms of cataract

The aim of this study was to estimate and compare the levels of glycated protein in the lens extracted from patients with cataract of various etiologies. A total of 72 cataract lens were collected. The levels of total proteins, glucose and glycated protein in the lens were studied. Plasma protein and fasting glucose levels were also estimated. The amount of glycation of lens was significantly higher in case of hypermature senile cataract (p<0.01) when compared with other types of cataracts. The levels of lens glucose between the various types of cataracts did not differ significantly. These results indicate that the level of lens glucose alone is not the only determining factor of lens protein glycation.     

稀土元素对蛋白质的影响的剂量效应及其机理

本综述了稀土元素对生物体蛋白质的剂量效应，并从稀土元素对CaM、ATP酶、同工酶及其它蛋白质和酶的影响等方面探讨了其剂量效应的机理，以期为该领域的进一步研究提供参考。     

不同部位辽五味子蛋白质含量的比较分析

采用凯氏定氮法和光谱法分析测定五味子不同部位蛋白质的含量.对传统的凯氏定氮法的催化剂进行了改进,加快了消化速度,缩短了分析时间.光谱分析方法的回收率为92.10%~102.35%,变异系数为0.12%,结果表明该方法简便、快速、准确可行.     

“In Praise of Wool”: The development of partition chromatography and its under-appreciated impact on molecular biology

The invention of partition chromatography by the biochemists Archer Martin and Richard Synge in 1941 offered crucial insights into the structure and function of DNA, insights at least as important as those from X-ray crystallography. Even so, the role that partition chromatography played in molecular biological studies is far less well known. Using new archival material, this article describes the origins of Martin and Synge’s work, arguing that their achievement was far more than a new technical innovation; it went on to have a profound impact on the development of molecular biology to an extent that scholars have insufficiently appreciated.     

试析我国运动员七十年代以来膳食热源质比例

为全面系统地了解我国运动员营养状况,本文通过查阅文献资料．对七十年代以来有关运动员热能摄取量以及三大热源质生热比和重量比的57份调查资料进行整理、分析、研究,结果表明．我国运动员在膳食结构中长期而普遍地存在着脂肪摄入比例过高．碳水化合物比例偏低的问题,而且有随着年代的推进日趋严重的趋热。据此对该问题提出若干改进意见。以便使我国运动员在今后的膳食结构中,三大热源质摄入比例合理化。     

A Pilot Study on Blood Components in COVID-19 Affected Subjects: A Correlation to UPR Signalling and ER-Stress

AbstractThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the site for protein synthesis, its folding and secretion. An intricate set of signalling pathways, called UPR pathways, have been evolved by ER in mammalian cells, to allow the cell to respond the presence of misfolded proteins within the ER. Breaching of these signalling systems by disease oriented accumulation of unfolded proteins may develop cellular stress. The aim of this study is to explore whether COVID-19 infection is responsible for developing this kind of endoplasmic reticulum related stress (ER-stress). ER-stress was evaluated by checking the expression of ER-stress markers e.g. PERK (adapting) and TRAF2 (alarming). ER-stress was correlated to several blood parameters viz. IgG, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, leukocytes, lymphocytes, RBC, haemoglobin and PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio (ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen) in COVID-19 affected subjects. COVID-19 infection was found to be a state of protein homeostasis (proteostasis) collapse. Changes in IgG levels showed very poor immune response by the infected subjects. At the initial phase of the disease, pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were high and anti-inflammatory cytokines levels were low; though they were partly compromised at later phase of the disease. Total leukocyte concentration increased over the period of time; while percentage of lymphocytes were dropped. No significant changes were observed in cases of RBC counts and haemoglobin (Hb) levels. Both RBC and Hb were maintained at their normal range. In mildly stressed group, PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio (oxygenation status) was in the higher side of normal range; whereas in other two groups the ratio was in respiratory distress syndrome mode. Virus could induce mild to severe ER-stress, which could be the cause of cellular death and systemic dysfunction introducing fatal consequences.Graphical AbstractSchematic representation of SARS-CoV-2 infection and related consequences.     

An in vitro model mimicking the complement system to favor directed phagocytosis of unwanted cells

BackgroundOpsonization, is the molecular mechanism by which target molecules promote interactions with phagocyte cell surface receptors to remove unwanted cells by induced phagocytosis. We designed an in vitro system to demonstrate that this procedure could be driven to eliminate adipocytes, using peptides mimicking regions of the complement protein C3b to promote opsonization and enhance phagocytosis. Two cell lines were used: (1) THP-1 monocytes differentiated to macrophages, expressing the C3b opsonin receptor CR1 in charge of the removal of unwanted coated complexes; (2) 3T3-L1 fibroblasts differentiated to adipocytes, expressing AQP7, to evaluate the potential of peptides to stimulate opsonization. (3) A co-culture of the two cell lines to demonstrate that phagocytosis could be driven to cell withdrawal with high efficiency and specificity.ResultsAn array of peptides were designed and chemically synthesized p3691 and p3931 joined bound to the CR1 receptor activating phagocytosis (p < 0.033) while p3727 joined the AQP7 protein (p < 0.001) suggesting that opsonization of adipocytes could occur. In the co-culture system p3980 and p3981 increased lipid uptake to 91.2% and 89.0%, respectively, as an indicator of potential adipocyte phagocytosis.ConclusionsThis in vitro model could help understand the receptor–ligand interaction in the withdrawal of unwanted macromolecules in vivo. The adipocyte-phagocytosis discussed may help to control obesity, since peptides of C3b stimulated the CR1 receptor, promoting opsonisation and phagocytosis of lipid-containing structures, and recognition of AQP7 in the differentiated adipocytes, favored the phagocytic activity of macrophages, robustly supported by the co-culture strategy.How to cite: Bartsch IM, Perelmuter K, Bollati-Fogolin M, et al. An in vitro model mimicking the complement system to favor directed phagocytosis of unwanted cells. Electron J Biotechnol 2021;49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2020.09.010.     

消化性溃疡与蛋白质

认为消化性溃疡（Pepticulcer）病的发生、治疗和预防与食物中蛋白质的缺乏有着极为密切的关系,技正了“已经误导我们将近一个世纪的‘无酸就无溃疡’（Noacid,Noulcer）的论点”,并且指出中和胃酸和抑制胃酸的药物不可能根治消化性溃疡,只有向食物中添加足够量的蛋白质或蛋白质降解产物才是治疗和预防消化性溃疡的根本之所在！     

温度胁迫对稻胚酯酶同工酶、蛋白质和内源脱落酸(ABA)水平的影响

本文研究了不同温度胁迫对水稻幼胚酯酶同工酶、总蛋白谱带变化及内源脱落酸水平的影响。结果表明：４℃低温处理２４ 小时,幼胚酯酶同工酶和总蛋白个别谱带减弱或消失;４０ ℃高温处理２４ 小时,则使酯酶同工酶和总蛋白谱带增强或出现新带。同时,内源脱落酸（ＡＢＡ） 含量在４ ℃低温处理６ 小时后即升至最高峰,随后呈下降趋势;４０ ℃高温处理２４ 小时才出现高峰。提示水稻幼胚对不同的温度胁迫的适应机制是不同的。     

健身登山对肥胖中老年人体质水平、血脂、胰岛素抵抗及C-反应蛋白的影响

目的：研究健身登山对中老年肥胖患者体质水平、血脂、胰岛素抵抗及C-反应蛋白水平的影响。方法：对肥胖中老年患者128名,进行健身登山训练,并于登山前后各测定一次体质水平、血脂、胰岛素、C反应蛋白。结果：健身登山后研究对象的体质水平、血脂、HDL-C水平、胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗指数、C-反应蛋白均较健身登山前有显著改善（P<0.05）。结论：健身登山能够作为中老年肥胖患者的运动疗法方案,对预防和减少中老年肥胖患者的心脑血管疾病发生发展具有重要作用。