基于TRIZ的企业-学校知识链关键冲突识别研究

在冲突要素和参数的基础上建立企业-学校知识链关键冲突识别模型。其中冲突分析方法采用的是微笑-哭泣冲突分析法;关键冲突识别方法采用的是三维模型方法。在计算三维值时,采用层次分析法计算权重和模糊数学综合分析法赋值。最后,结合应用算例,描绘如何使用这些建立的模型和方法来识别当前问题的关键技术冲突。     

企业核心竞争力的模糊综合评价

企业的核心竞争力决定一个企业的命运,打造企业核心竞争力是一项长期的系统工程,需要以深入的分析、清晰的思路、系统的实施方法作为支持,本文运用集合、权重、模糊数学方法,构建了企业核心竞争力的指标体系,提出了对企业核心竞争力进行综合评价的方法,为企业客观评价、及时调整企业战略提供了依据,有利于提高企业的竞争能力。     

Teaching for transfer of core/key skills in higher education: Cognitive skills

This article is a result of a completed survey of the mainly cognitive science literature on the transferability of those skills which have been described variously as ‘core’, ‘key’, and ‘generic’. The literature reveals that those predominantly cognitive skills which have been studied thoroughly (mainly problem solving) are transferable under certain conditions. These conditions relate particularly to the methods and environment of the learning of these skills. Therefore, there are many implications for the teaching of key skills in higher education, which the article draws out, following a summary of the main findings of the research literature. Learning of principles and concepts facilitates transfer to dissimilar problems, as it creates more flexible mental representations, whereas rote learning of facts discourages transfer. Transfer is fostered when general principles of reasoning are taught together with self-monitoring practices and potential applications in varied contexts. Training in reasoning and critical thinking is only effective for transfer, when abstract principles and rules are coupled with examples. Transfer is promoted when learning takes place in a social context, which fosters generation of principles and explanations. Transfer improves when learning is through co-operative methods, and where there is feedback on performance with training examples. The specificity of the context in which principles are learned reduces their transfer. Transfer is promoted if learners are shown how problems resemble each other, if they are expected to learn to do this themselves, if they are aware of how to apply skills in different contexts, if attention is directed to the underlying goal structure of comparable problems, if examples are varied and are accompanied by rules or principles (especially if discovered by the learners), and if learners’ self-explanations are stimulated. Learning to use meta-cognitive strategies is especially important for transfer.     

What about sport? A public health perspective on leisure-time physical activity

In an effort to determine how sport could be better positioned on the public health agenda, three community physical activity programs aimed at combating obesity were examined to determine the benefits residents seek through their participation. Using a case study approach and critical framework, assumptions and presumed knowledge of these public health programs were drawn out through site visits and interviews. A total of 42 interviews with community leaders, program organizers, and residents in each community were conducted. The results reveal that new approaches need to be considered for promoting greater levels of participation in U.S. community sport and other leisure-time physical activity programs. Instead of the commonly emphasized benefits of physical health or appearance, the results demonstrate that hedonic rewards and opportunities for social interaction are two overlooked, yet primary benefits sought by participants. This research suggests that concerted efforts to focus on the hedonic feelings and social aspects can potentially lead to increased sport participation and holistic health. Such an approach may help better address vital public health policy issues while demonstrating the distinctiveness and utility of sport.     

学校武术教育发展的关键在于体育师资质量——以辽宁省学校武术教育调查为例

文章主要了解辽宁省学校武术开课的基本情况;教材的使用情况;创新能力的体现;存在的主要问题。调查认定：体育教师质量是影响学校武术发展的关键。解决问题的渠道：切实执行法规文件;高度重视师资培养;注重武术教材建设;建立健全各种制度。     

纯水安全阀在煤矿液压支架应用的探讨

介绍了煤矿液压支架传统安全阀的发展现状,分析了以高水基乳化液为工作介质的液压支架存在的严重环境污染问题,在充分考虑水介质特殊的理化性能的基础上,分析了纯水安全阀存在的关键技术问题,从材料、密封形式、新型结构等方面,提出了解决其关键技术的相应措施,并对纯水安全阀结构进行了探讨。     

Drug overdose and child maltreatment across the United States’ rural-urban continuum

This national study of US counties (n = 2963) investigated whether county-level drug overdose mortality is associated with maltreatment report rates, and whether the relationship between overdose mortality and maltreatment reports is moderated by a county’s rural, non-metro or metro status. Data included county-level 2015 maltreatment reports from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System, modeled drug-overdose mortality from the Centers for Disease Control, United States Department of Agriculture Rural-Urban Continuum Codes, US Census demographic data and crime reports from the Federal Bureau of Investigation. All data were linked across counties. Zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) regression was used for county-level analysis. As hypothesized, results from the ZINB model showed a significant and positive relationship between drug overdose mortality and child maltreatment report rates (χ = 101.26, p < .0001). This relationship was moderated by position on the rural-urban continuum (χ=8.76, p = .01). For metro counties, there was a 1.9% increase in maltreatment report rate for each additional increment of overdose deaths (IRR=1.019, CI=[1.010, 1.028]). For non-metro counties, the rate of increase was 1.8% higher than for metro counties (IRR=1.018, CI=[1.006, 1.030]); for rural counties, the rate of increase was 1.2% higher than for metro counties (IRR=1.012, CI=[0.999, 1.026]). Additional research is needed to determine why the relationship between drug overdose mortality and maltreatment reports is stronger in non-metro and rural communities. One potential driver requiring additional inquiry is that access to mental and physical health care and substance use treatment may be more limited outside of metropolitan counties.     

新型举国体制下对国家重点实验室重组的战略思考

科技资源配置与科技力量组织方式,始终与国家的发展紧密联系在一起,在不同阶段呈现出不同的模式,承担着不同的使命,发挥了不同的作用。文章从“站起来、富起来、强起来”的历史阶段视角,对国家面临的主要挑战、科技任务下达方式、科技力量组织方式、科技成果产出等进行了回顾和分析,试图深入理解国家为什么把国家重点实验室重组作为新时代科技体制深化改革、探索新型举国体制的重要抓手。     

建设与完善普通高校体育术科教学质量管理措施

借鉴现代教学管理的基本理论，运用现代体育教学理论的基本原则，吸取前人在体育教学管理中的成功经验，从运用模糊综合评判、建立督学小组，把握教学质量评估的关键环节和教学评估检查工作的原则等4个层面，对完善普通高校体育术科教学质量的管理措施进行理性思考。     

免费开放背景下图书馆如何进行推广阅读

阅读教育是家庭、学校与社会三方共同努力的结果。作为基层的社会教育机构,公共图书馆在阅读教育的普及和推动中起着重要作用。同时还肩负着阅读教育推广和实施的任务。公共图书馆以丰富馆藏资源做基础,提供与各级学校合作办理阅读推广活动,有助于提升全民阅读习惯和阅读能力。