三十年代中国现代诗派象征诗学中的意象阐释

中国三十年代现代诗派带有鲜明的象征美学特征,用象征美学追求主观世界的客观化和思想的知觉化,在实践品格中,从对诗歌意象的选择中去诠释象征性意蕴,在纷繁的意象的汲取中去建构中国化的象征诗学,呈现出独有的美学风范和审美思路。     

Safe spaces? A social-ecological perspective on student perceptions of safety in the environment of the school canteen

ABSTRACT

Background Research suggests that negative peer interactions that compromise student safety and wellbeing often occur in spaces at school that are not easily visible, not adequately monitored, overcrowded and/or relatively unstructured. In a large online survey conducted in Swedish schools by the anti-bullying organisation, Friends, a small proportion of students indicated that they felt unsafe in the school canteen and responded to a question about why they felt unsafe there. As the canteen is often reported to be a space where negative peer interactions, such as harassment, bullying and other forms of school violence, occur, but little is known about why negative peer interactions occur there, we were particularly interested in exploring why some students perceived their school canteen to be an unsafe space.

Purpose Taking a social-ecological perspective, our aim was to investigate why students reported feeling unsafe in the environment of the school canteen.

Method In order to investigate this question, we analysed 1,547 responses from students in Swedish schools in grades 3–6 (ages 9–12). The responses were from the anti-bullying organisation Friends’ online questionnaires from 2011 to 2016. In the responses, students who indicated that they felt unsafe in the school canteen explained why they felt this way. Data were analysed qualitatively, using a six-step thematic approach.

Findings The analysis identified four key themes: Space constraints, Time restrictions, The risk of social blunders and The negative actions of others. We discuss the findings in terms of the macrosystem, exosystem, mesosystem and microsystem.

Conclusions In matters of student safety and wellbeing, we argue that it is not only important to consider the social context, but also how that context is interconnected with environmental and structural elements.     

基于合作的教师专业发展模式——美国专业发展学校(PDS)合作模式探究

美国专业发展学校(PDS)是上个世纪80年代兴起的一种基于合作的、新型的教师教育模式,它以其独特的组织形式和良好的效果引起了人们的关注,现已成为美国教师教育改革的主流趋势．本文旨在对PDS的产生背景、基本合作模式及其存在的问题进行分析与探究,以期能为我国的教师专业发展学校以及教师教育改革提供一些启示和参考。     

School meal time and social learning in England

ABSTRACT

This paper presents an ethnographic account of the culture of school meal time at Peartree Academy, with a specific focus on notions of social learning. This qualitative study is focused on a collection of interviews, observations, field notes and analyses what happens when the school organises its canteen as a restaurant. The focus moves away from the traditional realms of nutrition and explicitly introduces the notion of social learning in its informal sense through which a conceptual framework of a skills model is applied. The paper argues how the school dining hall known as the restaurant can foster opportunities for a form of social competence which is not necessarily seen but can be experienced in the social reproduction of its actors. The findings highlight tensions of control within the environment, which are said to impinge upon these social learning opportunities from occurring.     

基于Internet的中学化学主题式学习模式的构建

以Internet为代表的网络信息技术的发展,带来了许多全新的学习概念,例如当前国外比较盛行的通过网络合作进行的主题式学习(PBL,Project-basedLearning),该文将结合我国新一轮基础教育改革探讨如何利用互联网进行中学化学的主题式学习模式的构建。     

另一种角度看鸳鸯蝴蝶派

兴起于明末清初的鸳鸯蝴蝶派尽管遭致了学者的批判和鄙视,但仍为广大市民欢迎.从文学活动的另一端--阅读接受来考察该派小说的创作,如何在内容与表现形式上符合读者的期待视野.     

Professional Cultures and Collaborative Efforts: A Case Study of Technologists and Educators Working for Change

The need for those working in a variety of settings to interact effectively with technical experts has grown dramatically in recent years as computers have become essential to the performance of an increasing broad range of professional work. This article presents a case of this sort of interprofessional interaction, exploring the process and outcomes of collaboration between technical professionals and educators working to bring Internet access to an urban public school district. Drawing on field note and interview data, the case reported here illustrates how differences in institutional routines and professional values can generate differing agendas, contrasting assumptions, and contrasting expectations concerning project products and outcomes among collaborators from different professional worlds. In the case we describe, these differences affected such central matters as the types and usefulness of technical resources to which users had access as well as users' confidence in the technology. The case also illustrates how aspects of this interprofessional conflict were addressed through an organizational change. The kinds of issues that arose in this project are likely to occur in a variety of professional settings; therefore, examination of this case provides insight into a variety of issues and dynamics that should be considered when embarking upon or analyzing any interprofessional collaborative effort, and particularly one that involves technical professionals.     

黄土丘陵沟壑区沟谷侵蚀演化的坡向差异——以晋西王家沟小流域为例

黄土高原是世界上土壤侵蚀严重的地区之一，年土壤流失量约为22×10⁴t，而坡沟地区的侵蚀，尤其是水沙下坡时坡度对侵蚀尤为严重，坡沟侵蚀中坡度对侵蚀的作用成为现在坡沟侵蚀研究的重要内容，野外考察和前人研究发现，坡向对坡沟侵蚀也起着重要的不可忽视的控制作用。 因此，开展不同坡向土壤侵蚀的研究，对于探讨小流域不同坡向坡沟地貌侵蚀演化特征的定量研究，揭示土壤侵蚀的坡向差异和防治具有重要意义。本文通过对黄土丘陵沟壑区典型小流域王家沟大比例尺航片的解译，在GIS技术支持下，利用沟谷发育度的概念，对研究区内不同坡向的侵蚀差异进行分析研究。研究表明在黄土丘陵沟壑区坡向地貌侵蚀演化差异明显，总体上阳坡的侵蚀强度大于阴坡。各坡向侵蚀强度依次是：南偏西（SW）＞东偏南（ES）＞南向坡（S）＞东向坡（E）＞北偏东（NE）＞西坡（W）。     

内蒙古自治区奈曼旗土地利用变化预测研究

该文以奈曼旗1995年~1999年的土地利用数据为基础，结合人口和国内生产总值增长的驱动作用，采用GKSIM模型对奈曼旗的土地利用变化趋势进行模拟分析。模拟结果显示，奈曼旗的林地面积将从1995年的171171 hm2增加到2015年的197363 hm2；以耕地和园地为主的农业用地面积基本稳定在18000 hm2的水平；草地面积在近几年的下降后基本保持稳定，约为98000 hm2；非农业用地持续增加，到2015年达到31000 hm2。其它用地面积从1995年的326759 hm2下降到302655 hm2。土地利用变化的基本趋势预示着，未来15a，奈曼旗的生态环境将在总体保持稳定的基础上有所改善。     

黑龙江省1986年—2000年土地利用变化特征与空间格局分析

土地利用变化是全球环境变化的重要方面,是人类活动影响自然环境程度的重要反映.在遥感和GIS技术的支持下,本文分析了黑龙江省1986年～2000年的土地利用变化特征和变化的空间格局.研究表明,在1986年～2000年期间,林地、草地和沼泽地面积显著下降,耕地面积急剧增加,并且不同的土地利用类型变化在空间上表现出不同的空间格局.在此期间,黑龙江省土地利用发生了显著的变化,人地关系矛盾突出.林地、草地和沼泽地锐减和退化,保护林地、草地和沼泽形势严峻.