家庭教育从发现孩子开始

家庭教育是每个幼儿最先接触的教育,然而,就当前情况来看,我国幼儿的家庭教育有不少问题存在。本文结合《发现孩子》一书,谈论了家庭教育要遵从幼儿自由发展的规律,做到真正发现孩子。     

民国中期（1917-1937）小学语文教科书的变革--以《开吸国语课本》为考察中心

20世纪30年代,由叶圣陶先生编写的《开明国语课本》遵从编排内容以儿童为中心、编写语言采用标准儿童语、表述形式儿童文学化的编写理念,不仅一定程度上反映了民国小学语文教科书变革的社会影响,也体现了民国小学语文教科书变革的历史成就。     

保定市特殊儿童民办康复机构建设现状调查

通过问卷法、访谈法对保定市5所民办特殊儿童康复机构的建设现状进行调查,结果表明：保定市民办康复机构规范性差,缺乏准入机制;康复机构师资力量不足,师资流动性大,教师专业素质低;机构内部的评估管理缺乏监督,康复效果有待考证;民办康复机构办学面临很多困难,需要得到社会各界的支持。为此,应从规范康复机构办学、引入监督机制、提升教师素质、减少师资流动性等方面入手,进一步促进保定市特殊儿童民办康复机构的建设和发展。     

Tracking of physical activity in pubertal boys with different BMI over two-year period

We examined the tracking of physical activity (PA) measured by accelerometers and subjective self- and parental reports in normal weight and overweight and obese pubertal boys over two-year period. In total, 156 boys with mean (±SD) age of 11.53 ± 0.76 at baseline and with mean age of 13.94 ± 0.74 at 2 year follow-up were studied. At baseline and approximately two years later, the boys completed self-report questionnaire and wore an accelerometer for seven consecutive days. On the basis of first year assessment’s body mass index (BMI), the children were grouped as normal weight and overweight and obese groups according to BMI cut-offs. Tracking correlations of objectively measured PA and subjectively measured PA were fairly similar across the 12–14 year-old-boys weight groups over two year period. Tracking correlations of objectively measured PA and subjectively measured PA were not significantly different over two-year period between both BMI groups. The results of the study show that pubertal boys objectively measured PA decreased over two-year period and so the boys started to be less active in their pubertal period.     

The Dutch motor skills assessment as tool for talent development in table tennis: a reproducibility and validity study

A motor skills assessment could be helpful in talent development by estimating essential perceptuo-motor skills of young players, which are considered requisite to develop excellent technical and tactical qualities. The Netherlands Table Tennis Association uses a motor skills assessment in their talent development programme consisting of eight items measuring perceptuo-motor skills specific to table tennis under varying conditions. This study aimed to investigate this assessment regarding its reproducibility, internal consistency, underlying dimensions and concurrent validity in 113 young table tennis players (6–10 years). Intraclass correlation coefficients of six test items met the criteria of 0.7 with coefficients of variation between 3% and 8%. Cronbach’s alpha valued 0.853 for internal consistency. The principal components analysis distinguished two conceptually meaningful factors: “ball control” and “gross motor function.” Concurrent validity analyses demonstrated moderate associations between the motor skills assessment’s results and national ranking; boys r = ?0.53 (P < 0.001) and girls r = ?0.45 (P = 0.015). In conclusion, this evaluation demonstrated six test items with acceptable reproducibility, good internal consistency and good prospects for validity. Two test items need revision to upgrade reproducibility. Since the motor skills assessment seems to be a reproducible, objective part of a talent development programme, more longitudinal studies are required to investigate its predictive validity.     

Validation of two accelerometers to determine mechanical loading of physical activities in children

The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of accelerometers using force plates (i.e., ground reaction force (GRF)) during the performance of different tasks of daily physical activity in children. Thirteen children (10.1 (range 5.4–15.7) years, 3 girls) wore two accelerometers (ActiGraph GT3X+ (ACT), GENEA (GEN)) at the hip that provide raw acceleration signals at 100 Hz. Participants completed different tasks (walking, jogging, running, landings from boxes of different height, rope skipping, dancing) on a force plate. GRF was collected for one step per trial (10 trials) for ambulatory movements and for all landings (10 trials), rope skips and dance procedures. Accelerometer outputs as peak loading (g) per activity were averaged. ANOVA, correlation analyses and Bland–Altman plots were computed to determine validity of accelerometers using GRF. There was a main effect of task with increasing acceleration values in tasks with increasing locomotion speed and landing height (P < 0.001). Data from ACT and GEN correlated with GRF (r = 0.90 and 0.89, respectively) and between each other (r = 0.98), but both accelerometers consistently overestimated GRF. The new generation of accelerometer models that allow raw signal detection are reasonably accurate to measure impact loading of bone in children, although they systematically overestimate GRF.     

论子女数量对家庭养老的影响

从当前的国情来看,家庭养老仍然是一种普遍采用、被广泛接受的社会保障模式。影响家庭养老质量的因素是多方面的,比如经济状况、子女性别差异、子女数量等。其中老人的子女数量是影响家庭养老质量的一个不可忽视的重要因素。     

教师文化品格建构的价值追问

＂解放教师＂,是教师文化品格建构的核心策略,＂让教师站稳儿童立场,让教师生成教育智慧＂,这是＂解放教师＂所期望达成的价值目标。     

儿童文学校本课程的开发：以兴趣为本

“孩子不感兴趣”是当前儿童文学校本课程开发中的主要问题。要解决这一问题,教师必须确立以兴趣为本的课程开发观．进而采用“基于孩子的阅读能力和情感需求推荐作品”,“以交流审美体验为中心安排语文实践活动”等课程开发策略。     

经典童书与中小学写作教学

我国中小学生一直害怕写作,而研究发现童书能让学生悟出“人为什么要写作”,教师稍微点一点学生就能懂得“作为一个人该怎样去写作”,再简单讲一讲孩子都能清楚“文章该写哪些内容”。这是一举多得、事半功倍的好事。在学生轻松阅读之中,教师稍微从写作方面点拨一下,就能唤醒学生,快速将其带进喜欢写作的浪潮中。