National Qualification Frameworks: from policy borrowing to policy learning

This article takes up the issue of the internationalisation of Vocational Education and Training (VET) reforms, expressed in the way policy instruments such as National Qualifications Frameworks (NQF) are introduced in the European Training Foundation's (ETF) partner countries. There is an international debate and different perspectives regarding NQFs. These perspectives have largely talked past each other. The article brings together these perspectives and highlights the issues at stake in this field. Through the analysis of ETF interventions in different regions, the article makes a case for new approaches of intervention, namely policy learning, that aim at enabling national stakeholders and that are conducive for home-grown VET policies. The discussion is broad in scope, not only because the article reviews developments in qualifications frameworks across-regions, but also because it highlights the complex interaction of the global and local development when introducing NQFs and the impact of such reforms on VET systems.     

英国高中阶段教育普职融通的基本经验与现实挑战

英国高中阶段教育普职融通的有效推进,很大程度上得益于其相对成熟的学校课程体系和教育证书体系:一方面,通过综合高中同时开设普/职两套课程体系、职业高中大力开设普通教育课程、"拼盘式课程",以及校际课程资源共享促进学校课程体系中的普职融通;另一方面,通过"资格与学分框架"将各级各类普/职教育证书纳入同一框架内,促进了证书间的互认与转换。然而,当前的教育证书体系、学校课程体系、教育投入与评估体系,以及升学与就业标准中依然存在着种种"普职割裂",这将是英国高中教育普职融通深度推进面临的主要挑战。     

国内外优秀大学图书馆正职馆长资质条件比较及趋势研究

馆长任职资质能够从侧面反映出大学图书馆馆长的遴选标准。选取各大学排行榜中排名靠前的大学,调研其图书馆现任正职馆长的资质条件,并对比国内外的相关情况,以期为我国其他大学遴选图书馆馆长提供参考。结果显示,我国优秀大学图书馆馆长的选拔呈现出平等化、去职业化、高学历化以及注重交流的趋势。     

高考改革若干问题的思考

高考改革的根本动力,来自国家对创新型人才培养的迫切需求,其改革主要涵盖了两方面内容:学生素质的评价机制,政府与高校在学生录取中权限的合理分治。     

巴基斯坦“国家职业资格框架”述评

为提供技术熟练和合格的劳动力,巴基斯坦国家职业技术培训委员会颁布了“国家职业资格框架”。作为一种国家资格证书制度,该框架旨在满足巴基斯坦的行业需求和提高职业教育的质量,并为职业资格的分类和分级、进入和获得、等值和转换、学分积累、先前学习认定以及职业教育的发展途径等提供国家政策和指导方针,促使巴基斯坦建立一个连贯的国家职业教育资格体系。     

新西兰资格框架（NZQF）及其启示

经过20多年的发展与完善,新西兰资格框架具有一定的公信力。这与其构成要素及结构的科学合理有一定的关系。同时,我们必须认识到,新西兰资格框架之所以有很强的生命力,还在于它有完善的质量保障体系,在新西兰教育法案基础上形成的可评估的质量保证框架是新西兰资格框架得以存在与发展的重要基础。它对于我国学分银行的建立和终身教育立交桥的塔建有着十分重要的启示。     

教师资格制度实施机构改革的思考

教师资格制度实施机构作为教师资格制度的实施主体,是教师资格制度实施的关键因素。本文旨在深入反思教师资格实施机构的性质、地位,明确各级教师资格实施机构的职责和权限,并对存在的问题提出相应的改进建议,以保障教师资格制度能高效、公正、顺利地实施。     

The end of the credential society? An analysis of the relationship between education and the labour market using big data

ABSTRACT

A major focus of sociological research is on the role of the credential as a ‘currency of opportunity’, mediating the relationship between education and occupational destinations. However, the labour market has largely remained a ‘black box’ in sociological and education policy studies. This article draws on ‘big data’ from over 21,000,000 job adverts to explore how employers in the UK describe job requirements, with particular reference to the role of credentials. It challenges existing theories premised upon the notion that higher levels of formal education determine individual (dis)advantage in the competition for jobs. Although they have different views of the relationship between credentials, opportunity and efficiency, these theories assume that credentials largely determine occupational hiring. Our analysis suggests that formal academic credentials play a relatively minor differentiating role in the UK labour market, as the majority of employer’s place greater emphasis on ‘job readiness’. This raises a number of issues for sociological and policy analysis, including the future role of credentials in the (re)production of educational and labour market inequalities. Methodologically, the article highlights how the use of big data can contribute to the analysis of education, skills and the labour market.     

作为终身学习评价体系的澳大利亚资格框架

建立针对个人学习成果的综合评价体系,是构建终身学习社会的必然要求.澳大利亚资格框架(AQF)是在终身学习需要不断增长的条件下建立起来的;它涵盖了传统的正规教育和职业教育与培训,使各种资格可以相互比较与衔接;它还通过先前学习认定(RPL)对非正规和非正式的学习成果进行评价,更扩大了传统的评价范围.因此,澳大利亚资格框架正是一种终身学习评价体系,它对未来构建终身学习社会具有重要意义.     

Independence and Prescription in Learning: Researching the Paradox of Advanced GNVQs

This article outlines the context in which General National Vocational Qualifications (GNVQs) have been developed with particular reference to the independent learning dimension of their principles and practice. It provides an overview of the problems associated with the GNVQ approach from the literature and from a study by the authors of twelve post-16 institutions in the process of implementing Advanced GNVQ programmes. It analyses the dimensions of independent learning and argues that GNVQs provide a hybrid learner experience in which autonomy in the organisation of the individual learning process is mediated by a heavily prescribed GNVQ framework. The article concludes by locating this paradox in four central dilemmas characterising post-16 curricular policy in the UK.