嵌入式学科服务创新模式研究——基于嵌入性理论的思考

针对嵌入式学科服务研究中的局限性,引入新经济社会学中的嵌入性理论,分析嵌入性理论的研究方法和研究成果对于学科服务深化的启示,从社会网络的新角度提出嵌入式学科服务的创新模式,论述物理空间的嵌入、数字空间的嵌入、社会关系的嵌入和组织结构的嵌入4种模式以及它们之间的关系,以期为嵌入式学科服务的深化提供指导。     

基于结构洞理论的个人人际网络分析系统研究

企业行动者个人人际网络中的结构洞可以为行动者带来信息与控制优势,从而有利于组织创新以赢得竞争。本文正是以结构洞理论为基础,研究了一个计算机辅助的个人人际网络分析系统。该系统运用矩阵分析算法和网络图技术,通过分析现实竞争环境中企业行动者的个人人际网络结构,识别网络中的结构洞并提交分析报告,能辅助企业行动者利用其人际网络和结构洞优势来获取更有效的信息资源,从而不断实现各方面创新,为企业赢得竞争优势。     

Whiteboards,Blanket Forts,and Autonomy: Using Self-Determination Theory to Improve Library De-Stress Programming

In recent years, librarians at Valparaiso University have adopted a user-centered programming model, allowing students to choose their own library de-stress programs during finals. After several semesters of using this approach, the authors sought to examine whether students felt a sense of agency in suggesting and voting on programs and whether this agency affected students’ motivation to attend de-stress programs. The authors conducted two focus groups with undergraduate students. Results suggest that most students are more interested in attending programs that they personally suggested or voted for, deriving intrinsic rewards from the autonomy of having their voices heard.     

科技资源共享支撑体系的系统论探析

作为战略性资源的科技资源日益成为提高自主创新能力的基础条件和有力支撑,而优化科技资源配置的重要途径之一是实现科技资源共享,构建科技资源共享的支撑体系更是科技资源共享这一复杂系统工程的重要内容。本文从系统论的角度对科技资源进行了界定,构建了科技资源共享的政府、网络、资金和人才支撑体系框架,并以国家科技基础条件平台建设为例对科技资源共享支撑体系所具有的整体性、层次性、目的性和开放性系统特征进行分析。     

北美情报学理论近20年研究进展

采用系统综述方法对获取的69篇北美情报学理论文献进行开放式编码和进一步的逻辑分析,系统地概括北美情报学理论近20年的研究现状和最新进展。研究表明：①北美情报学理论的研究由相互关联的7个维度构成,这些维度是情报学的基本概念、跨学科理论的引入、情报学哲学理论、情报学研究领域、情报学理论框架、情报学发展、情报学学科特征。②北美情报学理论的优点是理论体系完善、多元性哲学理论共存和研究方法存在思辨与实证相结合。③北美情报学理论的局限性在于多元哲学理论间缺乏整体性分析、持续性研究欠缺和理论框架主题成果不多。     

Two decades of suspect evidence for adaptive molecular evolution—negative selection confounding positive-selection signals

There has been a large literature in the last two decades affirming adaptive DNA sequence evolution between species. The main lines of evidence are from (i) the McDonald-Kreitman (MK) test, which compares divergence and polymorphism data, and (ii) the phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood (PAML) test, which analyzes multispecies divergence data. Here, we apply these two tests concurrently to genomic data of Drosophila and Arabidopsis. To our surprise, the >100 genes identified by the two tests do not overlap beyond random expectation. Because the non-concordance could be due to low powers leading to high false negatives, we merge every 20–30 genes into a ‘supergene’. At the supergene level, the power of detection is large but the calls still do not overlap. We rule out methodological reasons for the non-concordance. In particular, extensive simulations fail to find scenarios whereby positive selection can only be detected by either MK or PAML, but not both. Since molecular evolution is governed by positive and negative selection concurrently, a fundamental assumption for estimating one of these (say, positive selection) is that the other is constant. However, in a broad survey of primates, birds, Drosophila and Arabidopsis, we found that negative selection rarely stays constant for long in evolution. As a consequence, the variation in negative selection is often misconstrued as a signal of positive selection. In conclusion, MK, PAML and any method that examines genomic sequence evolution has to explicitly address the variation in negative selection before estimating positive selection. In a companion study, we propose a possible path forward in two stages—first, by mapping out the changes in negative selection and then using this map to estimate positive selection. For now, the large literature on positive selection between species has to await reassessment.     

论教育语境中的正义

本文旨在探讨教育语境中的正义具有什么内涵,以及是否存在一种被证实的关于正义的教育概念。本文并不主张建立一种积极的教育正义概念,而是主张避免把教育当做服务于教育之外的正义规范的工具。因此,本文重点分析了教育中的不正义,并将其在教育系统的不同层面上进行了归类,从而形成了一种有关教育语境中的不正义的教育现象学,这也就是教育现实得以改善的起点。文章最后指出了克服这些不正义的途径。     

建构主义学习理论对我国高校荣辱观教育的启示

在建构主义者看来,学习是在教育者的指导下在特定的教育环境下,学习者通过活动与交往进行的知识建构活动,因此建构主义者特别关注学习者主体作用的发挥,强调要加强学生学习内容和他们周围实际的联系,引导他们在活动与交往中运用原有的知识经验探究学习,使他们在主动探究学习的过程中形成主动求知的技能、态度和习惯。建构主义学习理论将促使我国高等学校的教育工作者尽早转变教育教学观念,真正掌握荣辱观教育的真谛,树立社会主义科学的荣辱观。     

操纵翻译理论介绍及其对中国文学翻译的启示

操纵理论虽然产生于上世纪六、七十年代的西方,但有关其内容的介绍在我国却始于上世纪末。它的问世给文学翻译带来了研究问题的新思想和方法,对中国文学翻译研究活动无论是在理论上还是在实践上都有不小的启示。     

搜寻理论模型与网络搜寻行为探析

本文从信息经济学的角度,从消费者搜寻模型、市场价格离散、消费者预期、搜寻成本等四个方面,针对消费者在购买商品时所进行的搜寻行为进行理论总结,并对该理论在网络搜寻行为等问题上的应用进行初步地探讨。