第26届奥运会篮球比赛防守技战术研究

本文通过对第26届奥运会篮球比赛各队防守技战术的研究，指出世界强队防守主要战术仍是半场盯人和联防，防守面积以半场为主，注意战术质量而非数量及变化量。并指出了我队在防守三个阶段存在的问题及改进建议。     

Innovation regimes, R&D and radical innovations in telecommunications

By introducing the concept of innovation regimes, the aim of this article is to show how the rapid pace of technological development in the telecom sector may be explained by the close links between the sector's own R&D and the creation of numerous innovations, many of which are radical. In contemporary innovation theory, a theoretical antinomy exists: Whereas, the creation of incremental innovations is variously explained in terms of «rational» responses to markets, dynamics of technological regimes, dominant design, etc., radical innovations, in contrast, are explained in terms of serendipity, chance or haphazard scientific discoveries. Evidence from analysis of innovations in the telecom sector suggests that innovation regimes have provided a capability of coordination, direction and leadership in the creation of many of the radical technological innovations that have emerged in the sector. Thus, one may claim that the strong innovation regimes and high R&D intensity of the telecom sector, at least until recently, have provided a capability of creating innovations on purpose — for a purpose. The policy implications of this contradict some of the assumptions on which the prevailing market-oriented R&D governance models and policies are based — and which are supported by contemporary innovation theories.     

Public science and public innovation: Assessing the relationship between patenting at U.S. National Laboratories and the Bayh-Dole Act

Most studies of the effects of the Bayh-Dole Act have focused on universities. In contrast, we analyze patenting activity at two prominent national laboratories, Sandia National Laboratories and the National Institute of Standards and Technology before and after the enactment of this legislation and the Stevenson-Wydler Act. It appears as though the enactment of Bayh-Dole and the Stevenson-Wydler Act were not sufficient to induce an increase in patenting at these labs. However, the establishment of financial incentive systems, embodied in passage of the Federal Technology Transfer Act, as well as the allocation of internal resources to support technology transfer, stimulated an increase in such activity.     

Incongruities as a source of organizational renewal in corporate management of R&D

The heydays of the central R&D laboratory as the ‘dominant design’ of corporate R&D in large technology-intensive companies is over. The last decades have witnessed not only downsizing of central R&D, but also ongoing experimentation and restructuring of the modes of managing corporate R&D. What is the logic behind these ongoing restructurings? The paper argues that different kinds of organizational incongruities constitute critical sources of change in the organization of R&D. The paper seeks to align a contingency and an evolutionary perspective in analyzing two Danish technology-intensive companies characterized by highly different organizational trajectories.     

非接触式智能卡信号的采集与处理

Wiegand26是非接触式智能卡在应用中使用的通讯协议。通过对Wiegand26协议的介绍,提出了利用AT89C2051单片机对Wiegand26信号的采集以及数据处理的硬软件方法。     

Science–technology flows in Spanish regions: An analysis of scientific citations in patents

Many regions of the European Union with a high degree of autonomy have elected very clearly to stimulate scientific research and technological development (R&D) as a specific means of promoting economic growth and the welfare of their citizens. In Spain, several autonomous regions have organised their efforts in science and technology by means of the adoption of regional R&D plans. In some cases, particular concern is taken to link the scope of scientific research with that of technology, but even in these few cases, it is acknowledged that little is known of the mechanisms by which the results of scientific research are translated into technological development, and how this latter in turn influences the objectives of scientific research. Our aim in this article is to study in greater depth the relationship between science and technological development in the various regions of Spain. The methodology that we apply to investigate the links between science and technology is based on an analysis of scientific citations in patent documents (non-patent citation (NPC)). The results obtained from this study provide some relevant data on the interconnection between the scientific and technological systems from a regional perspective.     

18-26S rDNA在4种重楼属植物中的定位

为探讨rDNA在重楼属Paris L.中的分布规律，利用荧光原位杂交（FISH）对4种重楼属植物 的18-26S rDNA进行了定位。所有植物均为二倍体，基因组由A、B、C、D和 E5条染色体构成。（1）滇重楼P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis:2n=10=6m+4t，C和D染色体的 短臂上各有1个18-26S rDNA位点;（2）长柱重楼P.forrestii:2n=10=6m+4t，B染色体的长臂 、C和D染色体的短臂上各有1个位点;（3）五指莲P.axialis:2n=10=6m（2sat）+4t（2sat） +1-2B，C和D染色体的短臂上各有1个位点;在有1个B染色体的细胞中，B染色体没有信号点， 而有2个B染色体的细胞中，只有1个B染色体上有信号点，表明B染色体上有基因存在且其分裂 不均等;（4）大理重楼P.daliensis:2n=10=4m+2sm+2st+2t，C染色体的短臂上有1个位点。1 8-26S rDNA位点不仅出现在染色体的次缢痕上，也出现在非次缢痕位点。另外，4个种中C染 色体短臂末端均有18-26S rDNA。     

Implementing R&D policies: an analysis of Spain's pharmaceutical research program

We analyze Spain's National Pharmaceutical Research Program using detailed firm-level data. We find differences between ex ante announced evaluation criteria and ex post implementation. This suggests that judging R&D programs on their design, rather than their implementation, may be misleading. We also uncover that the apparent discrimination against non-European firms can be interpreted as a premium to having local production facilities. Overall, the program values firms on the basis of criteria, such as R&D investment and patent spending, consistent with empirically tested measures of innovative activity.     

Interrelation between patenting and standardisation strategies: empirical evidence and policy implications

This paper analyses the relationship between strategies to protect intellectual property rights and their impact on the likelihood of joining formal standardisation processes. It is based on a small sample of European companies. On the one hand, theory suggests that the stronger the protection of own technological know-how, the higher the likelihood to join formal standardisation processes in order to leverage the value of the technological portfolio. On the other hand, companies at the leading edge are often in such a strong position that they do not need the support of standards to market their products successfully. The results of the Probit models to explain the likelihood to join standardisation processes support the latter theoretical hypothesis: the higher the patent intensities of companies, the lower is their tendency to join standardisation processes.     

Zur Kostenerstattung für wissenschaftliche Arbeiten im Auftrag Dritter

Wenn Bund oder Krankenanstaltentr?ger im Zusammenhang mit wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten im Auftrag Dritter ("industriegesponserte Studien") im klinischen Bereich Medizinischer Universit?ten Kosten übernehmen, erwerben sie entsprechende Ersatzansprüche gegenüber dem Aufraggeber ("Sponsor") der Studie bzw dem Studienleiter. Letztere k?nnen nicht einwenden, dass die im Zuge der gesponserten Studie verursachten Kosten bereits durch den KMA abgedeckt seien. Vielmehr verbleibt (je nachdem, ob die Kosten vom Bund bereits im Rahmen der Kostentragung für den KMA übernommen werden oder nicht) der Ersatzanspruch entweder zur G?nze beim Krankenanstaltentr?ger, geht zur G?nze auf den Bund über bzw verteilt sich derselbe entsprechend den jeweiligen Kostenübernahmen sowohl auf den Bund als auch auf den Krankenanstaltentr?ger.