Application of the Levenshtein Distance Metric for the Construction of Longitudinal Data Files

The analysis of longitudinal data in education is becoming more prevalent given the nature of testing systems constructed for No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB). However, constructing the longitudinal data files remains a significant challenge. Students move into new schools, but in many cases the unique identifiers (ID) that should remain constant for each student change. As a result, different students frequently share the same ID, and merging records for an ID that is erroneously assigned to different students clearly becomes problematic. In small data sets, quality assurance of the merge can proceed through human reviews of the data to ensure all merged records are properly joined. However, in data sets with hundreds of thousands of cases, quality assurance via human review is impossible. While the record linkage literature has many applications in other disciplines, the educational measurement literature lacks details of formal protocols that can be used for quality assurance procedures for longitudinal data files. This article presents an empirical quality assurance procedure that may be used to verify the integrity of the merges performed for longitudinal analysis. We also discuss possible extensions that would permit merges to occur even when unique identifiers are not available.     

图书馆学五定律及其给我们的启示

概述了阮冈纳赞图书馆学五定律的基本内容及相应的实现五定律的对策、措施或应注意的问题，并分析和指出了其给我国图书馆的一些启示。     

Finding and explaining differences: A reply to Gudykunst and Hammer

A rejoinder to Gudykunst and Hammer's critique of a recent paper is presented. We argue that their position is based on two mutually exclusive propositions and cannot therefore be credible. We continue to maintain that the evidence on intercultural effectiveness shows both culture-general and culture-specific components.     

大学历史学科"四个一"方案的探索与实践

大学历史学科“四个一”方案指的是通过四个相互关联阶段的学习 ,使历史专业的学生从各个方面提高自身素质 ,从而更广泛地适应社会需要的方案。该方案可操作性强 ,实施效果比较明显     

健脾补糖对过度训练脾虚大鼠骨骼肌GLUT4和P38活性的影响

为了探讨健脾补糖对过度训练大鼠骨骼肌的糖转运和MAPK转导通路中P38活性的影响.通过6周递增大负荷游泳训练,观察过度训练和健脾补糖对胃肠的吸收功能,骨骼肌的糖转运、储备和P38活性的影响.研究表明:1)过度训练脾虚的大鼠的骨骼肌MAPK信号转导系统的P38途径虽然被激活.但骨骼肌的葡萄糖转运和糖储存被低血糖和胰岛素所抑制.因此没有明显改善骨骼肌的肌糖原储备.2)健脾补糖从改善胃肠功能、增加能源物质的摄入、提高抗氧化能力等多靶点激活了P38,使骨骼肌对葡萄糖的转运速度与合成速度均加快,在末次运动后24 h就使肌糖原达到了明显的超量恢复状态.     

硫酸法催化合成双酚芴的研究

以98%的浓硫酸作为催化剂合成双酚芴进行研究,分别对催化剂用量、助催化剂用量、反应时间、反应温度、酚酮摩尔比等主要因素对反应的影响,进行了试验,试验结果表明,使用浓硫酸催化合成双酚芴,最优条件下双酚芴的反应收率98.20%。制备双酚芴的最佳工艺条件为:酚酮摩尔比6:1,反应温度45℃,反应时间3h,催化剂浓硫酸用量为8.5mL/0.333mol芴酮,助催化剂β-巯基丙酸用量为0.25mL/0.333mol芴酮。     

第4届女子世界杯足球决赛运动员犯规特征分析

采用文献资料、观察统计法，对第4届女子世界杯足球决赛场上队员犯规特征进行分析。结果显示：全部比赛共犯规813次、越位161次、红牌1张、黄牌65张；平均3．54min有1次犯规、17．89min发生1次越位、44.33min出示1张黄牌；上半场的犯规数略高于下半场、越位数略少于下半场、黄牌数大大低于下半场；队员上肢犯规多于下肢；中场犯规最多。     

Differential effects of norm-referenced and self-referenced feedback on performance expectancies,attributions, and motivation

When feedback is provided to students in a norm-referenced manner that compares the individual's performance to that of others, people who perform poorly tend to attribute their failures to lack of ability, expect to perform poorly in the future, and demonstrate decreased motivation on subsequent tasks. The present study examined the hypothesis that the deleterious effects of failure might be attenuated when failure is expressed in self-referenced terms—relative to the individual's known level of ability as assessed by other measures. In this study, subjects received feedback indicating that they did well or poorly on an anagram test, and this feedback was described as either norm-referenced (comparing the individual's performance to that of others) or as self-referenced (comparing performance to other measures of the individual's ability). As predicted, compared to norm-referenced failure, self referenced feedback resulted in higher expectancies regarding future performance and increased attributions to effort. Contrary to expectations, attributions to ability were not affected. The implications of the results for the structure of academic feedback are discussed.