《申报》初创:《地球说》的作者究竟是谁?

1872年《申报》创刊首月刊载的《地球说》,被称为是中国近代第一次"见诸报端的天文地理知识"的大众科学启蒙。但是,关于其作者究竟是谁,却是一个百年未解之谜。根据同治年间刊本《诂经精舍三集》等资料,我们可以肯定《地球说》的实际作者并非是《申报》主笔蒋其章,而是浙江杭州诂经精舍的青年学子高云麟。     

Astronomy alternative conceptions in pre-adolescent students in Western Australia

ABSTRACT

Alternative conceptions in astronomy are a road block to new learning. Astronomy content is included in the Australian Curriculum (AC) from Year 3 and then intermittently in Year 5, Year 7 and Year 10. In accepting that science is socio-culturally constructed, it is important for teachers to have a clear understanding of the alternative conceptions that students bring with them to the science classroom. This article reports on the alternative conceptions elicited from 546 students ranging from Year 5 through Year 7 using a modified form of the Astronomy Diagnostic Test [Danaia, L. (2006). Students’ experiences, perceptions and performance in junior secondary school science: An intervention study involving a remote telescope (Doctoral dissertation). Charles Sturt University, Bathurst]. Results show that some well identified alternative conceptions, such as the ‘eclipse model’ to explain the phases of the Moon, exist before students enter high school and prior to any formal learning on the topic. In addition, this research identified a number of alternative conceptions held by pre-adolescent students in Western Australia that were based on knowledge that should have been consolidated by students in Year 3, viz., the relative movements of the Earth, Moon and Sun. Armed with students’ alternative conceptions as a part of their pedagogical content knowledge, teachers can construct active learning experiences that will challenge students’ existing constructs in order to allow for new learning. This sample suggests that we need to identify the reasons behind the lack of consolidation of the foundation astronomy content of the Australian Curriculum outlined for students in Year 3.     

The 2-MEV Scale in the United States: A Measure of Children's Environmental Attitudes Based on the Theory of Ecological Attitude

The Environmental (2-MEV) Scale questionnaire was developed in Europe to measure adolescents’ attitudes and gauge the effectiveness of educational programs. It also formed the basis for the Theory of Ecological Attitudes. In the present four-year study, the 2-MEV Scale was modified for use with 9–12-year-old children in the United States. Initial results led to wording revisions and elimination of some items. Confirmatory Factor Analyses indicated that the remaining items fit the Theory of Ecological Attitude well. The Revised 2-MEV Scale was able to measure statistically significant changes in the environmental attitudes of participants in earth education programs but not in a control group. The Revised ENV Scale can be used to evaluate programs and to investigate the relationship between environmental attitudes and other variables.     

保证住宅中电气安全的措施

住宅电气安全涉及到每个人的利益,但在住宅设计中由于缺乏超前意识,给住户用电造成了许多隐患,为此,在住宅电气设计中要严格按TN—C—S系统接地;强、弱电线路要分别布线;对特殊部位宜采用等电位联结并科学使用限流保护．     

终极追求与理想环境：道教“洞天福地”与基督宗教“新天新地”之比较

道教和基督宗教对生命的终极关切是与其构设的理想世界联系在一起的.从生态学的角度审视,道教"洞天福地"和基督宗教"新天新地"都是人与自然和谐相处的理想境地.不过,二者又有所不同.作为神圣空间,道教的"洞天福地"多位于现实的名山胜境,既是修道者的修仙之地,又是一个个实实在在的生存场所;而基督宗教的"新天新地"与末世论有关,随着基督的复临才能临到或完全实现.     

地球科学教育新的计划目标和内容

在国外地球科学教育相关文献的基础上,文章结合国内现状,从地球科学教育改革入手,着重从课程新的计划目标、内容设置以及保护野外实习基地等三个重要方面来进行讨论,其中特别强调了地球系统科学、社会科学的作用,给我国地球科学教育事业以借鉴,以使高等地球科学教育朝着符合社会经济和生产的适应性、实用性方向健康发展。     

通径分析法探讨脐橙品质与稀土元素的相关性

通径分析的着眼点就是在相关系数的分解上,以揭示自变量对因变量的直接影响和间接影响,通过通径分析赣南脐橙品质与稀土元素的相关性,从而揭示稀土元素与有机营养物质的相关程度,为稀土农用提供相关的科学依据,以此为果农科学使用稀土微肥提供一些理论上的指导。     

走向大协调化生存方式（之二）——在全球宏观协调中实现全人类的健康长寿

宇宙大尺度运动交叉协调的一个重要成果及标志,就是构成了适宜生物生存的环境。可是,现代人类盲目的规模巨大的活动严重破坏了构成适宜人类生存环境的交叉协调机制和人类健康生存的大协调机能。各门相关学科已经在反思人类盲目活动的教训中,陆续认识到人类可持续健康生存应该遵循的一些协调规律。必须运用大协调学把这些知识衔接起来,进一步周全地探讨人类同自然与社会各方面大尺度交叉协调规律,应用于改善人类的婚育、饮食、活动方式等各方面和生活用品设计与检测,从根本上提高人类的生存质量。     

Self-assembly-induced luminescence of Eu3+-complexes and application in bioimaging

Design and engineering of highly efficient emitting materials with assembly-induced luminescence, such as room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) and aggregation-induced emission (AIE), have stimulated extensive efforts. Here, we propose a new strategy to obtain size-controlled Eu³⁺-complex nanoparticles (Eu-NPs) with self-assembly-induced luminescence (SAIL) characteristics without encapsulation or hybridization. Compared with previous RTP or AIE materials, the SAIL phenomena of increased luminescence intensity and lifetime in aqueous solution for the proposed Eu-NPs are due to the combined effect of self-assembly in confining the molecular motion and shielding the water quenching. As proof of concept, we also show that this system can be further applied in bioimaging, temperature measurement and HClO sensing. The SAIL activity of the rare-earth (RE) system proposed here offers a further step forward on the roadmap for the development of RE light conversion systems and their integration in bioimaging and therapy applications.     

General synthesis of 2D rare-earth oxide single crystals with tailorable facets

Two-dimensional (2D) rare-earth oxides (REOs) are a large family of materials with various intriguing applications and precise facet control is essential for investigating new properties in the 2D limit. However, a bottleneck remains with regard to obtaining their 2D single crystals with specific facets because of the intrinsic non-layered structure and disparate thermodynamic stability of different facets. Herein, for the first time, we achieve the synthesis of a wide variety of high-quality 2D REO single crystals with tailorable facets via designing a hard-soft-acid-base couple for controlling the 2D nucleation of the predetermined facets and adjusting the growth mode and direction of crystals. Also, the facet-related magnetic properties of 2D REO single crystals were revealed. Our approach provides a foundation for further exploring other facet-dependent properties and various applications of 2D REO, as well as inspiration for the precise growth of other non-layered 2D materials.