“格子铺”经营中存在的问题及对策

格子铺作为一种新型的零售业态,近几年在国内得到蓬勃发展。然而,这种新型经营模式在其运作过程中却存在着诸如内部管理不规范、商品缺乏个性、质量纠纷多等问题。对格子铺的合理选址、个性装修及推进其内部管理科学化等方面的对策探讨,将有助于推动其持续、健康发展。     

《杜十娘怒沉百宝箱》与晚明社会

《杜十娘怒沉百宝箱》是晚明社会思潮的产物。它超越了前代负心故事;反映了晚明人的金钱观;颂扬了对自身人格和尊严的捍卫与维护。从而,它优于同时代的其它短篇小说而成为最璀璨的明珠之一。     

海丝特·白兰的女性主义解读

试从女性主义的视角解读霍桑《红字》中海丝特·白兰的形象,并通过形象分析,探讨作者女权思想的特征。     

Differential effects of norm-referenced and self-referenced feedback on performance expectancies,attributions, and motivation

When feedback is provided to students in a norm-referenced manner that compares the individual's performance to that of others, people who perform poorly tend to attribute their failures to lack of ability, expect to perform poorly in the future, and demonstrate decreased motivation on subsequent tasks. The present study examined the hypothesis that the deleterious effects of failure might be attenuated when failure is expressed in self-referenced terms—relative to the individual's known level of ability as assessed by other measures. In this study, subjects received feedback indicating that they did well or poorly on an anagram test, and this feedback was described as either norm-referenced (comparing the individual's performance to that of others) or as self-referenced (comparing performance to other measures of the individual's ability). As predicted, compared to norm-referenced failure, self referenced feedback resulted in higher expectancies regarding future performance and increased attributions to effort. Contrary to expectations, attributions to ability were not affected. The implications of the results for the structure of academic feedback are discussed.     

Attributions in a mastery instructional system: Is an emphasis on effort harmful?

Self-worth theorists have claimed that students of lower ability may reduce effort in likely failure situations to avoid the attribution of poor performance to their own incompetence. The likely success of mastery learning, an instructional technique stressing student persistence, has been questioned because of this phenomenon. Several studies which examined the hypothesized relationship between achievement, effort, and perceived ability within a mastery context were conducted. In none of the studies did it appear that students reduced effort because of the threat of failure or that expending effort led to lower estimates of ability. In fact, students expending effort rated their ability as having a more positive influence on performance than less persistent students. It is argued that mastery learning, like some achievement change programs, encourages students to attribute their performance to their level of effort.     

Talent,Schmalent: An Instructional Design/Action Research Framework for the Professionalization of Teaching in Academic Libraries

When myths become canonical beliefs within a professional culture, they can have a profound impact on professional practice. In this paper we identify as a pernicious educational myth the belief that the ability to teach well is a naturally occurring innate talent or skill. The first two sections of the paper aim to demonstrate (i) that the concept of the naturally gifted teacher is a myth based on factually incorrect assumptions about expertise development and (ii) that this myth has several major negative implications for professional practices around teaching in academic libraries. We then we draw on the education literature to offer an alternative model for the cultivation of teaching excellence, an instructional design/action research framework that prioritizes ‘deliberative’ practice over innate talent. We close with suggestions for how academic librarians and library administrators can implement this framework within their institutions.     

港珠澳大桥青州航道桥钢锚箱整体组装技术研究

根据港珠澳大桥青州航道桥钢锚箱的结构特点,介绍其在车间整体组装过程中采取的技术方案,以控制钢锚箱整体组装精度,使钢锚箱成品各部尺寸满足规定要求。     

基于信道化接收机的Link-16信号盒维数检测算法研究

针对美军及北约部队常用的数据链Link-16的性能特点,结合装备应用实际,提出了基于信道化接收机利用分形盒维数对Link-16信号进行检测的算法。首先建立了信道化接收机的模型,并利用仿真软件进行了蒙特卡洛实验,得到了多个虚警概率下的Link-16信号检测概率。在虚警概率为0.1、信噪比为-3dB时,检测概率在60%以上;在相同虚警概率时,在低信噪比环境下,盒维数检测的性能要优于能量检测。     

精心设计小桥涵创建节约型山区高速公路

小桥涵是山区高速公路构造物的重要组成部分之一。因地形地貌等的差异常常需要修建大量的小桥涵，对小桥涵进行精心勘察设计，将会有效地降低山区高速公路的工程造价。现就小桥涵的结构类型、布设位置和洞口类型的选择进行经验性总结归纳，并以车行箱涵为例进行分析探讨。     

Contributions of Emergent Literacy Skills to Name Writing, Letter Writing, and Spelling in Preschool Children

The purpose of this study was to examine which emergent literacy skills contribute to preschool children's emergent writing (name-writing, letter-writing, and spelling) skills. Emergent reading and writing tasks were administered to 296 preschool children aged 4-5 years. Print knowledge and letter-writing skills made positive contributions to name writing; whereas alphabet knowledge, print knowledge, and name writing made positive contributions to letter writing. Both name-writing and letter-writing skills made significant contributions to the prediction of spelling after controlling for age, parental education, print knowledge, phonological awareness, and letter-name and letter-sound knowledge; however, only letter-writing abilities made a significant unique contribution to the prediction of spelling when both letter-writing and name-writing skills were considered together. Name writing reflects knowledge of some letters rather than a broader knowledge of letters that may be needed to support early spelling. Children's letter-writing skills may be a better indicator of children's emergent literacy and developing spelling skills than are their name-writing skills at the end of the preschool year. Spelling is a developmentally complex skill beginning in preschool and includes letter writing and blending skills, print knowledge, and letter-name and letter-sound knowledge.