浅析高校在国家助学贷款风险防范中的重要作用

国家助学贷款实施以来已帮助上千万家庭经济困难的学生顺利完成了学业,但国家助学贷款管理机制的不完善导致了银行贷款回收风险。本文从高校把好学生贷款“入口”和“出口”关的前提下,重点分析了高校在整个环节中应强化学生信用观念、规范学生诚信行为、提高学生还款能力、加强高校贷款管理、完善学生多元信息通道、充分发挥学生与银行的桥梁作用,以使国家助学贷款风险得到有效防范,从而推动国家助学贷款持续发展。     

Institutional shaping of research priorities: A case study on avian influenza

Since outbreaks in 2003, avian influenza has received a considerable amount of funding and become a controversial science policy issue in various respects. Like in many other global and multidisciplinary societal problems fraught with high levels of uncertainty, a variety of perspectives have emerged over how to “tackle” avian influenza and public voices have expressed concern over how research funds are being allocated. In this article, we document if and how research agendas are being informed by public policy debates. We use qualitative and quantitative approaches to examine the relations between expectations of outcomes of public science and the existing research landscape. Interviews with a cross-section of stakeholders reveal a wide range of perspectives and values associated with the nature and objectives of existing research avenues. We find that the landscape of public avian influenza research is not directly driven by expectations of societal outcomes. Instead, it is shaped by three institutional drivers: pharmaceutical industry priorities, publishing and public research funding pressures, and the mandates of science-based policy or public health organizations. These insights suggest that, in research prioritization, funding agencies should embrace a broad perspective of research governance that explicitly considers underlying institutional drivers. Deliberative approaches in public priority setting might help to make agendas more plural and diverse and thus more responsive to the contested and uncertain nature of avian influenza research.     

新一轮退耕还林工程农户风险感知的影响因素分析——基于新疆阿克苏地区的调研数据

退耕风险感知是影响农户退耕参与意愿和决策行为的关键要素。基于新疆阿克苏地区1451户农户的调查,应用广义有序Logit模型,从预置性因素、政策性因素、过程性因素与外部性因素出发,探索新一轮退耕还林工程农户风险感知的影响因素,为降低农户退耕参与风险感知、激发农户退耕参与意愿、优化退耕还林政策设计提供信息支持。研究结果表明：① 农业经营收入比重等预置性因素、退耕还林配套政策等政策性因素、退耕还林直接成本等过程性因素、非农就业能力等外部性因素具有统计显著性;② 家庭收入水平、社会保障情况、退耕还林政策认知水平、退耕配套政策、非农就业能力等变量对显著降低农户参与退耕的高风险感知或提升低风险感知的概率相对较大,农业经营收入比重、退耕还林直接成本、林业自然生产弱质性、林产品市场销售损失等变量对显著提高农户参与退耕高风险感知的概率相对较大;③ 退耕政策认知水平、退耕还林直接成本、林产品市场销售损失等是影响农户参与退耕风险感知水平的关键变量,也是降低农户退耕风险感知水平的关注重点。     

基于IT治理的战略信息管理风险控制

信息技术已经渗透到企业价值链中各个环节,改变了业务流程,随之,内部控制和治理结构同样需要革新。本文通过对战略信息管理风险控制提出的背景、概念、与IT治理的关系以及IT治理四种模型进行了尝试性的阐述,对建立企业战略信息管理风险控制框架进行初步研究和探索。     

合作技术创新的风险因素识别及模糊评价研究

合作创新因主体多样化而分散了创新风险,而合作创新过程中独有的风险及其复杂性和主观性、模糊性远未引起足够的重视。在对合作创新过程中风险因素进行识别的基础上,将合作创新的风险归纳为知识产权风险、合作关系风险和运作流程风险三大类,并结合合作创新风险项目的模糊性特点,运用模糊群体决策理论,建立了风险评价模型,同时给出了风险分析矩阵。     

Data Mining to Combat Terrorism and the Roots of Privacy Concerns

Recently, there has been a heavy debate in the US about the government’s use of data mining in its fight against terrorism. Privacy concerns in fact led the Congress to terminate the funding of TIA, a program for advanced information technology to be used in the combat of terrorism. The arguments put forward in this debate, more specifically those found in the main report and minority report by the TAPAC established by the Secretary of Defense to examine the TIA issue, will be analysed to trace the deeper roots of this controversy. This analysis will in turn be used as a test case to examine the adequacy of the usual theoretical frameworks for these kinds of issues, in particular the notion of privacy. Whereas the dominant theoretical framing of the notion of privacy turns around access to information, most of the core arguments in the debate do not fit in this kind of framework. The basic disagreements in the controversy are not about mere access, they involve both access and use. Furthermore, whereas the issue of access by itself refers to a more or less static situation, the real disagreements much more concern the organisational dynamics of the use of information, the mechanisms in the organisation that control these dynamics, and the awareness present within the organisation of the ‘social risks’ these dynamics represent. The bottom line question is whether the assessment of these gives sufficient reason for trust.     

企业集群风险分析:基于产业生态的视角

 基于产业生态的视角,以企业集群模式的进化为逻辑分析起点,运用和生态学的类比方法,考察了企业集群的风险及其形成机理,最后就产业生态层面如何有效地进行风险防范和改进提出一些建设性意见。     

专利权人自提无效宣告行为的过程机制——基于扎根理论的多案例研究

防范专利被宣告无效是专利风险管理的重要内容,但实践中却存在专利权人自提无效宣告这一“自陷风险”行为。为解释该现象发生的驱动因素、过程机理及行为效应,运用多案例研究方法诠释专利权人自提无效宣告的过程机制。研究发现：维护专利法律效力稳定性、消除权利要求歧义、解决权利要求重叠问题是自提无效宣告的主要动机;该过程经历了风险识别、评价及应对3个阶段,专利审查经历与经济收益促使权利人感知、发现及评价无效风险,专利制度限制则驱动权利人选择自提无效宣告应对无效风险,最终符合权利人预期的无效结果将扩大专利经济收益。研究结论弥补了专利风险管理领域的中层理论缺陷,为专利无效风险事前防范提供了新路径,同时也为我国论证建立授权后专利文本修改程序提供了证据支持。     

P知识产权风险对合作创新企业间/P P知识转移的影响研究/P

本文基于合作创新的特点对合作创新中的知识产权风险进行新的界定,将其分为合作关系引发的知识产权风险和其他因素引发的知识产权风险两个维度。研究认为它们分别对企业间知识转移绩效起负向和正向影响作用;提出并分析了影响知识产权风险的因素,认为其在各种因素对企业间知识转移绩效影响中起中介效用,并给出了相关命题和研究框架。     

企业供应链构建问题研究

加入WTO后,我国企业将面临来自全球顶级企业更加严峻的挑战,供应链的思想无疑会成为全面提高我国产业竞争力的有效切入点。文章首先讨论了企业构建供应链的必要性、企业供应链构建中供应链战略伙伴的选择,然后从供应链合作伙伴、企业自身及交易过程等方面分析了企业供应链风险并提出降低风险的对策,接着对供应链绩效评价进行了分析和总结。