副言辞语境与口语话语

近年来,对语境的研究逐渐成为语言学领域中的热点,但副言辞语境却经常被人们所忽略。事实上,副言辞语境在语 言交际,尤其是口语会话中有着不可忽视的重要作用。其主观要素和客观要素两个方面在口语会话中都有具体而广泛的运用,这 充分表明了副言辞语境在口语交际中的重要性。     

Context effects and the processing of spoken homophones

This study examined the role of context effects in the processing of homophones in Chinese and Chinese-English bilingual speech. In Experiment 1, Chinese speakers were presented with successively gated portions of a homophone in a sentence context, and they identified the homophone on the basis of its increasing acoustic information. In Experiment 2, Chinese-English bilinguals were presented with a cross-language homophone in a sentence context, and they named a visual probe that had or did not have phonological overlaps with the homophone. Results indicate that prior sentence context has an early effect on the disambiguation of various homophone meanings, shortly after the acoustic onset of the word, in both monolingual and bilingual situations. The results are accounted for by interactive activation models of lexical processing, in which the recognition of a homophone is a result of the interactions among phonological, lexical, and contextual information at an early stage.     

实现TSR的方法

讨论了Ｃ语言实现了ＴＳＲ的一般方法,并在此基础上介绍了几种特殊需求下ＴＳＲ的实现方法。     

关系数据库的共享、冲突及自适应锁定算法

为提高关系数据库的性能,本文以 ＳＱＬ ＳＥＲＶＥＲ６． Ｘ为例,建立了一个网络环境下分析研究数据库共享与竞争的测试系统,分析了数据库的存储结构、多用户共享特性及锁管理器对冲突的处理机制,提出了一种自适应锁定算法,并给出了用Ｃ程序实现该算法的主要部分的程序框图。     

Taking the relational structure of fractions seriously: Relational reasoning predicts fraction knowledge in elementary school children

Understanding and using symbolic fractions in mathematics is critical for access to advanced STEM concepts. However, children and adults consistently struggle with fractions. Here, we take a novel perspective on symbolic fractions, considering them within the framework of relational structures in cognitive psychology, such as those studied in analogy research. We tested the hypothesis that relational reasoning ability is important for reasoning about fractions by examining the relation between scores on a domain-general test of relational reasoning (TORR Jr.) and a test of fraction knowledge consisting of various types of fraction problems in 194 s grade and 145 fifth grade students. We found that relational reasoning was a significant predictor of fractions knowledge, even when controlling for non-verbal IQ and fractions magnitude processing for both grades. The effects of relational reasoning also remained significant when controlling for overall mathematics knowledge and skill for second graders but was attenuated for fifth graders. These findings suggest that this important subdomain of mathematical cognition is integrally tied to relational reasoning and opens the possibility that instruction targeting relational reasoning may prove to be a viable avenue for improving children’s fractions skills.     

The influence of inter-firm IT governance strategies on relational performance: The moderation effect of information technology ambidexterity

How to create value from information technology (IT) in multi-firm situations has attracted the notice of both researchers and practitioners. However, as a critical factor to enhance relational performance, the inter-firm IT governance strategy has not been sufficiently studied. Based on the contractual and relational governance literature, this paper presents two inter-firm IT governance strategies, namely, balancing (focusing on achieving a close match between the relational and contractual governance) and complementing (focusing on creating synergy between the relational and contractual governance) governance strategies. Using data collected from 200 firms, we examined the relationship between these two governance strategies and relational performance. Furthermore, we studied the influence of a contingent factor, IT ambidexterity (simultaneous pursuit of IT flexibility and IT standardization) on this value generation process. Our results indicate that both inter-firm IT governance strategies, but especially the balancing strategy, can help increase relational performance, and IT ambidexterity also can influence the choice of governance strategies of focal firms. Specifically, focal firms with low IT ambidexterity prefer using a balancing governance strategy rather than a complementing governance strategy. On the other hand, focal firms with high IT ambidexterity can reduce or mitigate the risks of unbalancing strategy (such as the contractual-dominant or relational-dominant governance strategy), and then enhance the synergy effects of contractual and relational governance. Implications for theory and practice are also discussed.     

儿童英语教学中的语境创设

语境作为语言交际的基石,长期以来,引起语言学界的广泛关注。语用学家和社会语言学家分别从不同的层面和角度对语境进行了定义和分类,但是语境作为影响儿童英语教学效果的一个重要的、潜在的因素被忽略了。通过讨论在儿童英语教学中创设课堂语境的三个途径：运用教师话语创设语境、利用教具创设语境、组织课堂活动创设语境,来进一步说明语境在儿童英语教学中的作用。     

动态语法教学资源的开发和运用

动态语法教学对提高学生理解语言和运用语言能力具有重要作用.为此,从动态语法教学资源的开发和利用着手,探讨动态语法教学的理论和实践,对走出语法教学的误区,开辟语法教学新路具有重要意义.     

Situated Learning: Conceptualization and Measurement

A focus on the interaction between cognitive schemas and context in situ has been suggested as fundamental in organizational decision making and information interpretation. Past research suggests that the situation and the social interaction that occur during learning at the cognitive level consist of factors that affect the process, but the research lacks a coherent explanation for how those factors affect it. We propose a conceptualization of learning, termed situated learning, which accounts for these factors. By drawing on situated cognition theory, social learning theory, and the theory of mental models, we identify and measure four components of situated learning, that is, thematic focus, cognitive absorption, social structure, and participation. Among the most important lessons for researchers and practitioners is the need to consider learning as a constellation of the four components instead of an indivisible phenomenon. This perspective can enhance our understanding of cognitive processes, such as information interpretation and decision making.     

从顺应论视角解读中国第一次翻译高潮

本文尝试在一种全新的语用学理论——顺应论框架下解读中国第一次翻译高潮即佛经翻译。通过对佛经翻译过程中的语境关系顺应、语言结构顺应、顺应的动态性和顺应过程中意识程度的分析,揭示出中国第一次翻译高潮的发展规律。