Parenting and childhood aggression in the Chinese context: an examination of parental responses,physical coercion and warmth

Parental response, physical coercion and warmth and their relationships with childhood aggression were assessed with 277 children (142 boys; M age = 56.5 months, SD = 10.93 months) in Hong Kong. Results indicated that both fathers and mothers reported significantly more intervention strategies in response to hypothetical vignettes of physical aggression than relational aggression. Both fathers’ and mothers’ self-reported physical coercion was positively correlated with boys’ and girls’ composite scores of physical and relational aggression as reported by teachers, fathers and mothers, whereas fathers’ self-reported warmth was associated with a lower level of physical and relational aggression in boys. Furthermore, maternal warmth moderated the association between physical coercion and girls’ relational aggression. Findings suggest that parents’ normative beliefs regarding relational aggression should be challenged and the general acceptability of parental control in the Chinese context does not necessarily imply the absence of a link with childhood aggression.     

A Qualitative Exploration of Romantic Partners’ Motives for and Content of Communication with Friends Following Negative Relational Events

The purpose of this study was to explore young adults’ motives for and content of extradyadic interactions with friends following a negative relational event in a romantic relationship. Focus group discussions with young adults revealed the following partner motives: improving affect, managing uncertainty, obtaining clarity, and entertainment. In turn, friends were motivated by issues of honesty, friendship quality, and a desire to protect or comfort their friend. Both partners and friends discussed the use of a variety of negative, neutral, and positive message content. Results provide an exploratory look at extradyadic interactions that may have important implications for relationship functioning.     

Biting Behaviors Among Preschoolers: A Review of the Literature and Survey of Practitioners

Biting behavior occurs frequently among young children in child care settings. Research indicates several possible reasons for biting behavior including developmental as well as emotional issues. This study examines procedures that have been established to handle childhood biting by early childhood education child care facilities in a southeastern state of the United States. We were interested in whether these child care providers considered biting a normal developmental behavior or an abnormal, dysfunctional behavior. Additionally, how did their philosophy about childhood biting relate to their handling of biting incidents in their facilities?     

试析网络域名侵权及其法律适用

当前有关计算机网络域名的民事纠纷案件的发生有上升之势，网络域名侵权、不正当竞争行为的发生不仅损害了合法经营者的商标权，也损害了网络消费者的合法权益。正确认识域名权与商标权的区别以及域名抢注、使用和转让过程中构成的不正当竞争行为，正确适用法律来解决这些民事纠纷，以便及时有效地保护合法网络经营者和其他经营者、消费者的正当权益。     

“九·一八”事变前日本对中国东北朝鲜族教育权的侵夺

清代中期以来 ,从朝鲜移入中国东北的朝鲜族日益增多。日本出于侵略中国的需要 ,对移入中国的朝鲜族教育表现出极大的关注。在中日矛盾空前激烈的情况下 ,中国东北军阀竟也对朝鲜族教育采取了一些限制、同化 ,甚至取缔的措施。朝鲜族教育就是在这样一种复杂而又艰难的境地中发展起来的 ,主办者坚持反日 ,积极与东北地方政府沟通 ,寻求中央政府的支持 ,为朝鲜独立运动及中国革命培养了后备人才 ,也为发扬朝鲜族优秀的传统文化做出了不可磨灭的贡献。     

The protective role of teacher–student relationships against peer victimization and psychosocial distress

This study examined whether teacher–student relationships protect against peer victimization and its negative psychosocial effects (i.e., depression, anxiety, and stress). Additionally, the influence of teacher–student relationships, peer relationships, and students’ perceptions of school order and discipline was investigated as these variables were expected to be negatively related to the former. Data were collected from high school‐aged adolescents (N = 539; 51% female) in the U.S. Southwest. Study results indicate that teacher–student relationships buffered against experiencing psychosocial distress associated with peer victimization. Although positive teacher–student relationships, peer relationships, and students’ perceptions of school order and discipline all were negatively associated with peer victimization and psychosocial distress, teacher–student relationships were robustly related to peer victimization and psychosocial distress over the influence of the previous variables. In other words, as a key study finding, teacher–student relationships may reduce the impact of peer victimization by mitigating its negative psychosocial effects in a robust yet relatively unexplored way. Therefore, although more research is needed, fostering positive teacher–student relationships might be an effective way to reduce peer victimization as well as its negative effects.     

关系数据库的共享、冲突及自适应锁定算法

为提高关系数据库的性能,本文以 ＳＱＬ ＳＥＲＶＥＲ６． Ｘ为例,建立了一个网络环境下分析研究数据库共享与竞争的测试系统,分析了数据库的存储结构、多用户共享特性及锁管理器对冲突的处理机制,提出了一种自适应锁定算法,并给出了用Ｃ程序实现该算法的主要部分的程序框图。     

Taking the relational structure of fractions seriously: Relational reasoning predicts fraction knowledge in elementary school children

Understanding and using symbolic fractions in mathematics is critical for access to advanced STEM concepts. However, children and adults consistently struggle with fractions. Here, we take a novel perspective on symbolic fractions, considering them within the framework of relational structures in cognitive psychology, such as those studied in analogy research. We tested the hypothesis that relational reasoning ability is important for reasoning about fractions by examining the relation between scores on a domain-general test of relational reasoning (TORR Jr.) and a test of fraction knowledge consisting of various types of fraction problems in 194 s grade and 145 fifth grade students. We found that relational reasoning was a significant predictor of fractions knowledge, even when controlling for non-verbal IQ and fractions magnitude processing for both grades. The effects of relational reasoning also remained significant when controlling for overall mathematics knowledge and skill for second graders but was attenuated for fifth graders. These findings suggest that this important subdomain of mathematical cognition is integrally tied to relational reasoning and opens the possibility that instruction targeting relational reasoning may prove to be a viable avenue for improving children’s fractions skills.     

The influence of inter-firm IT governance strategies on relational performance: The moderation effect of information technology ambidexterity

How to create value from information technology (IT) in multi-firm situations has attracted the notice of both researchers and practitioners. However, as a critical factor to enhance relational performance, the inter-firm IT governance strategy has not been sufficiently studied. Based on the contractual and relational governance literature, this paper presents two inter-firm IT governance strategies, namely, balancing (focusing on achieving a close match between the relational and contractual governance) and complementing (focusing on creating synergy between the relational and contractual governance) governance strategies. Using data collected from 200 firms, we examined the relationship between these two governance strategies and relational performance. Furthermore, we studied the influence of a contingent factor, IT ambidexterity (simultaneous pursuit of IT flexibility and IT standardization) on this value generation process. Our results indicate that both inter-firm IT governance strategies, but especially the balancing strategy, can help increase relational performance, and IT ambidexterity also can influence the choice of governance strategies of focal firms. Specifically, focal firms with low IT ambidexterity prefer using a balancing governance strategy rather than a complementing governance strategy. On the other hand, focal firms with high IT ambidexterity can reduce or mitigate the risks of unbalancing strategy (such as the contractual-dominant or relational-dominant governance strategy), and then enhance the synergy effects of contractual and relational governance. Implications for theory and practice are also discussed.     

《救国时报》对全面抗战爆发前陶行知抗日救亡活动的报道与宣传

1935年一二九运动后,陶行知积极投身于上海地区的抗日救亡活动,并受全国各界救国联合会委托,远赴欧美从事抗日救亡的宣传、组织工作.中共在巴黎出版发行的<救国时报>对此进行了积极的宣传、报道.<救国时报>关于陶行知抗日救亡活动及其主张的宣传,体现了双方在民族救亡运动上的高度共识.