The interplay of cognitive and relational social capital dimensions in university-industry collaboration: Overcoming the experience barrier

The use of university-industry collaboration in the innovation process is viewed as a major driver of firm competitiveness. The organizational dynamics underlying successful external relationships, however, remain poorly understood. Using longitudinal case studies of 15 innovation projects, we examine how firms with varying degrees of experience in collaborating with universities and public research organizations rely on different social capital dimensions to achieve successful collaborations. We find that experienced firms establish external collaborations on the basis of cognitive social capital, but this basis is reinforced by relational social capital over time. Conversely, less experienced firms initially base their university collaborations on relational social capital, which is reinforced by cognitive social capital over time. Based on these findings, we theorize on the interplay of different dimensions of social capital in university-industry collaborations over time. Our study has important implications for the management of collaborative innovation projects. In particular, it provides guidance to enable less experienced firms to develop successful collaborations with university partners.     

广西产业结构及第三产业结构的灰色关联分析

良好的产业结构有利于一个地区的快速发展,不断优化产业结构是促进经济又好又快发展的重要举措.广西自治区的第三产业已成为地区三次产业的领头羊,但是,第三产业在数量上的领先并不意味着对地区经济总量的影响一定最大,也不能说明三次产业的内部结构一定合理.通过对广西与长三角两省一市的三次产业对地区生产总值分析,第三产业内部各部门和第三产业以及地区生产总值之间的灰色关联分析,我们认为广西的产业结构仍需进一步调整优化,尤其是第三产业内部.     

应用IAT对大学生内隐攻击性的研究

应用IAT对297例大学生内隐攻击性进行研究,结果表明:大学生存在内隐攻击性,被试性别、年级、生源地、月生活费等因素的IAT效应差异不显著,但学习成绩与IAT效应呈正相关,学习成绩与IAT效应的方差分析差异显著。     

Inter-organizational relationships and knowledge sharing through the relationship and institutional orientations in supply chains

Sharing knowledge in inter-organizational relationships is one way to enhance strategic competitiveness. It is generally agreed that the development of close relationships facilitates such sharing among partners. This paper presents a research model comprises five research hypotheses with four constructs, including relationship orientation, institutional orientation, relational risk and knowledge sharing. This study develops a conceptual model that relational risk as a mediating construct to examine the inter-relationship effects that affect knowledge sharing and these relationships. We analyze data collected from 312 of the top 1000 Taiwanese manufacturing firms in 2011 listed in Business Weekly. The results of the empirical study suggest that the role played by relationship orientation and institutional orientation is critical in ensuring the inter-organizational knowledge sharing as it mitigates the relational risk in the process. The findings of the study provide practical insights into how supply chain members should reinforce their relational and institutional view of relational governance and manage relational risks so as to improve their collaborative behaviors and in turn achieve the competitive advantage of knowledge sharing for the supply chain as a whole.     

权力腐败的侵权模式及政治治理分析

权力腐败已经成为当今社会的普遍而又严重的现象,它的滋生和蔓延有其邪恶逻辑。从心理模式上看,它是权力变异的结果;从行为模式上看,往往侵犯弱势群体的权利。权力腐败的治理是一个综合过程,既要改变整个社会主客观环境,又要建立一套完善的监督机制和责任机制。     

试析张学良发动西安事变的原因

张学良发动西安事变,原因有三:一是强烈的息争御侮爱国思想和自我牺牲精神的促使;二是对蒋介石“攘外必先安内”政策认识上质的变化和他与蒋介石矛盾激化的结果;三是中国共产党统战政策的感召和全国抗日救亡运动的推动。一、二是内因,三是外因。     

Effects of Mutuality of Control Orientation between Leaders and Group Members

Abstract

This study assessed the effect of mutuality of control orientation between group leaders and group members. Mean change scores for group members were analyzed using a 2X2 factorial analysis of variance. No significant interaction between the control orientation of the group leader and the group members was found. However, there is an indication that group members classified as externals changed more than did internals. Further, group members working with external leaders became more internal than did group members whose leaders were internal.     

Relational Communication in Computer-Mediated Interaction Revisited: A Comparison of Participant–Observer Perspectives

Studies of online environments estimate that the majority of members in online forums do not contribute to ongoing discussions and only observe or “lurk” (e.g., Nonnecke & Preece, 2000). Despite the prevalence of this form of information acquisition, direct comparisons between the experiences of these “observers” (or “lurkers”) and active participants are lacking. The present research draws on previous research examining perceptual differences between participants and observers as well as social information processing theory (Walther, 1992) and reports on three studies examining such differences in computer-mediated communication (CMC). Study 1 examined the effects in the context of interpersonal interaction in synchronous CMC. Study 2 examined the effects in the context of group interaction in both synchronous and asynchronous CMC. Study 3 replicated and extended the results of the previous studies across two time periods. The overall results (a) support the presence of participant–observer differences in CMC, (b) show that the presence of anticipated future interaction moderates said differences, and (c) provide mixed evidence that participant and observer interpretations of relational messages converge over time.     

Contradictions and Praxis Contextualized by Wartime Deployment: Wives' Perspectives Revealed through Relational Dialectics

With the continued US military presence throughout the world, it is important to understand the struggles of family members left behind during war, because they are important to the “success” of military marriages and potentially deployments. We asked 50 Army wives to discuss their experiences before, during, and after their husbands’ most recent deployment. Using relational dialectics as the theoretical framework for understanding marriage and deployment, we identified three contradictions (uncertainty–certainty during predeployment, autonomy–connection during the deployment, and openness–closedness during reunion) and several praxis patterns within them, some of which reflect potentially problematic dynamics for these military partners.     

Family communication patterns,sex of subject,and communication competence

Two hundred ninety‐nine subjects completed the Revised Family Communication Patterns instrument (Ritchie & Fitzpatrick, ) and the Interpersonal Competence Questionnaire (ICQ; Buhrmester, Furman, Wittenberg, & Reis, ). Results indicate that both family communication patterns and sex of subject influence the ability to enact certain communication skills in both same‐sex friendships and romantic partnerships. Those growing up in a strong conversation‐oriented family are more likely to report the ability to enact a greater number of interpersonal skills in both types of relationships. Women were more likely to report the ability to self‐disclose in a same‐sex friendship; however, a family communication environment that stresses a lower conversation orientation (consensual) diminishes the likelihood of acquiring that skill for women. Women were also more likely to report being able to offer emotional support in both same‐sex friendships and romantic partnerships. Men were more likely to report being able to assert themselves negatively in a same‐sex friendship, and to self‐disclose and manage conflict in a romantic partnership. Additionally, this study found that men and women employ different communication skills depending on the sex of their relational partner. Implications and future research directions are discussed.