Text-signaling devices and their effects on reading and memory processes

Signals are writing devices that emphasize aspects of a text's content or structure without adding to the content of the the text. Findings are reviewed for studies of several different types of signaling devices, including: titles, headings, previews, overviews, summaries, typographical cues, recall sentences, number signals, importance indicators, and summary indicators. Most investigations have examined how the presence of signals in a text affects subsequent memory for the text. Virtually all types of signals produce better memory for information they cue in a text, whereas memory for unsignaled information often is unaffected. Less attention has been directed to signaling effects on other cognitive processes, such as attention, basic reading processes, and comprehension. It is argued that an understanding of how signals influence these processes will contribute to the application of signaling research to reading and writing instruction and to our general understanding of reading.     

关联理论视角下的《娄山关》名家英译鉴赏

毛泽东不仅是卓越的政治家、革命家,也是伟大的诗人。人们已从多方面对伟人的诗词英译进行研究,但是从关联理论的角度对其研究尚为空白。作者拟应用该理论对毛泽东诗词英译进行对比研究,从崭新的角度分析论证,旨在提高诗词评价和翻译的质量,促进英语教学。     

Focus on a New Approach in College Reading Instruction-Collaborative Strategic Reading(CSR)

As an attempt to seek more reliable and valid methodology to enhance traditional college reading classes in China,the paper aims to explore an instructional approach named Collaborative Strategic Reading(CSR) based on the analysis of current college reading instructions,the suitability of CSR applied in authentic teaching context as well as pedagogical recommendations attempted to present practicable concept for college reading instructions.     

从关联理论视角下探究隐喻在广告中应用

该文运用实例证明了关联理论对广告隐喻,包括文字隐喻和图画隐喻,有极强的阐释力,并从关联理论的角度分析了隐喻如何作用于广告受众,使其获得最佳关联。     

Provided information literacy instructions at private university libraries in Jordan and trends of Zarqa Private University students towards its objective achievements

This study aims to investigate the resources and methods used in information instruction provided at private university libraries in Jordan. It also investigates trends among Zarqa Private University students towards the achievement of its objectives. Data was collected via two questionnaires. The population of the study consisted of 19 administrators of private university libraries; 14 of them (73.7%) responded positively to the study, and of 600 first year students who were in the first semester of the academic year 2007/2008, 512 of them (85.3%) responded positively. Study findings have revealed that information literacy instruction programmes are not comprehensive in all target libraries. No more than five (35.7%) of the responding libraries offer the required lectures that inform students about the importance of libraries and libraries’ departments, the practical training of online access to databases through internet, or training on the usage of periodical indexes. The curricula offered by more than 78.6% of the respondents lacked courses or exercises that support library usage. Findings of “information literacy instruction programmes offered to students of Zarqa Private University, reveal that the programmes concentrate on theoretical aspects more than practical aspects. This study introduces some recommendations related to its findings.     

The Revolution is Being Televised

Abstract

In this period of rapid and ongoing technological change, teaching undergraduates sophisticated research skills demands more than the traditional library tour or instruction. It requires collaboration between faculty and librarians. The authors offer the plan they have tested and which they and their students find beneficial in filling this demand.     

A new robust relevance model in the language model framework

In this paper, a new robust relevance model is proposed that can be applied to both pseudo and true relevance feedback in the language-modeling framework for document retrieval. There are at least three main differences between our new relevance model and other relevance models. The proposed model brings back the original query into the relevance model by treating it as a short, special document, in addition to a number of top-ranked documents returned from the first round retrieval for pseudo feedback, or a number of relevant documents for true relevance feedback. Second, instead of using a uniform prior as in the original relevance model proposed by Lavrenko and Croft, documents are assigned with different priors according to their lengths (in terms) and ranks in the first round retrieval. Third, the probability of a term in the relevance model is further adjusted by its probability in a background language model. In both pseudo and true relevance cases, we have compared the performance of our model to that of the two baselines: the original relevance model and a linear combination model. Our experimental results show that the proposed new model outperforms both of the two baselines in terms of mean average precision.     

真实的幻象--萨满教神话的神经心理学成因

用于研究萨满在精神昏迷状态下所体验的内视情景的神经心理学模式被南非人类学家大卫·路易斯威廉姆斯等西方学者运用到对近代原始人艺术以及人类史前艺术的考察之中,为我们对史前艺术发生学的研究提供了一个新的视角.本文在此基础上又大胆地将此模式运用到对神话成因的研究之中,推翻了神话来自人类出于某种目的而杜撰的传统观点,揭露了神话在神经心理方面的成因,并找到了史前艺术同神话之间的本质性关联.     

Core elements in the process of citing publications: Conceptual overview of the literature

This study provides a conceptual overview of the literature dealing with the process of citing documents (focusing on the literature from the recent decade). It presents theories, which have been proposed for explaining the citation process, and studies having empirically analyzed this process. The overview is referred to as conceptual, because it is structured based on core elements in the citation process: the context of the cited document, processes from selection to citation of documents, and the context of the citing document. The core elements are presented in a schematic representation. The overview can be used to find answers on basic questions about the practice of citing documents. Besides understanding of the process of citing, it delivers basic information for the proper application of citations in research evaluation.     

对美国高中几何课程标准的评价与反思

我国几何课程改革既要关注发展学生对推理、证明和公理化思想的理解,又要培育学生多元多维的几何认识.几何课程应该有一条明确的发展主线贯穿其中.数学教育技术是我国几何课程标准研制中不可或缺的、应该考虑的重要因素.