A new industry creation and originality: Insight from the funding sources of university patents

Scientific breakthroughs coming from universities can contribute to the emergence of new industries, such as in the case of biotechnology. Obviously, not all research conducted in universities leads to a radical change from existing technological trajectories. Patents and patent dynamics have long been recognized as critical in understanding the emergence of new technologies and industries. Specifically, patent citations provide insight into the originality of a discovery that has received patent protection. Yet while a large body of literature addresses the impact of patent originality on various firm performance measures, we address the question of what conditions drive patent originality in the process of knowledge creation within the university. Using data on patented cancer research, we examine how research context – as reflected by the funding source for each scientist – is associated with patent originality. We find that when university scientists are partly funded by their own university, they have a higher propensity to generate more original patents. By contrast, university scientists funded either by industry or other non-university organizations have a lower propensity to generate more original patents. The significance of our findings in the cancer research setting call for further research on this question in other research fields.     

Knowledge flows and bases in emerging economy innovation systems: Brazilian research 2005–2009

This article considers the role of domestic knowledge capabilities for developing countries and emerging economies, and in particular in the build-up of their national systems of innovation. Using bibliometric methods, we describe the geographic sources of knowledge and the users of Brazilian research in 2005–2009, and analyze the roles of domestic and foreign knowledge bases in it. Our results suggest that increasing reliance on domestic sources of knowledge is a feature of Brazil's improved science and technology capabilities. The ascendancy of Brazil's research informs us about the unfolding re-organization of global research, too, underlining nascent South-South knowledge flows, the prevailing relevance of EU research, and the relative decline of US research for Brazilian knowledge creation.     

《大学计算机基础》大班额教学问题及策略研究

大班额是指班级学生人数严重超过常规班级学生人数数量的一种教育现象。当前,各大高校公共基础课的课程教学普遍采用大班额教学。分析了《大学计算机基础》大班额教学中的主要问题,并提出了该课程实施大班额教学的有效方法。     

情报研究有效性评价的影响因素及对策分析

原创性定义情报研究有效性评价的概念。将情报研究有效性评价的影响因素分为主体因素、过程因素和制度因素等。为避免影响因素引起的评价偏倚提出相应对策,包括：专家团队的合理布局、评审程序的合理设计以及建立客观、系统、可量化的评价标准等。对评价标准的客观性、系统性、可量化性等属性进行深入描述。     

如何开展科研元评价：来自英澳的启示

科研元评价发挥着监测科研评价目标达成、完善科研评价方案制定、发现科研评价执行偏差、优化科研评价实施方式、改进科研评价结果使用等重要功能。英国和澳大利亚将元评价作为其科研评价体系保持与时俱进的治理机制,在元评价主体、内容、方法、结果及使用方面对我国建立健全科研元评价制度具有启发价值。具体而言,元评价主体应坚持学术同行与最终用户相结合,元评价内容坚持实证评价与价值评价相结合,元评价方法坚持定量评价与定性评价相结合,元评价结果使用坚持总结性评价与形成性评价相结合。但不容忽视的是,英澳两国的评价规模远小于中国,在评价负担上差异明显,因而必须在参考借鉴域外经验基础上探索适合中国国情的科研元评价制度。     

高校设计艺术专业实践教学探索与改革

实践教学在设计艺术类应用型人才的培养中,起着至关重要的作用。针对当前实践教学存在着校内、校外实践条件不足、教师重理论、轻实践的传统观念严重、实践教师力量的不足等众多问题,提出了实践教学模式探索与改革,包括进行人才培养方案的改革、加大校内实践环境的建设力度、加强校外实践基地的建设,力求毕业设计真题实做、实行双导师制、建立导师工作室以及积极组织学生参加大学生创新创业实践活动和学科竞赛等。实践证明,这种实践教学模式的探索与改革取得了一定的成效,增强了学生的实践动手能力。     

邮轮旅游发展研究述评

具有独特、奢华体验的邮轮旅游,已成为当今旅游市场上发展迅猛的新型高端休闲度假旅游方式之一.从邮轮、邮轮旅游的概念厘定入手,分析回顾了国内外邮轮旅游的发展历程,通过梳理国内外有关研究文献,对其研究成果进行评述.在此基础上提出我国邮轮旅游研究应在着眼微观、创新视角、加深交流等方面进一步深化.     

Organizational Power and the Institutional Review Board

In this essay, we respond to the narratives and essays in this issue by examining organizational power issues related to researchers and institutional research boards (IRBs). Rather than taking a singular perspective on power, we use multiple perspectives and suggest that the cumulative analyses provide the best understanding of IRBs and organizational power.     

网络信息分类系统的发展趋向研究

研究了网络信息分类系统的八大发展趋向：编制机构协作化；内容范围专业化；类目体系多维化；类目层次缩简化；类目显示直观化；同位类排列规范化；类名语言自然化；标引技术自动化。     

利用信息技术促进小学数学有效教学的叙事研究

在信息技术促进有效教学方面,教育叙事研究为我们提供了一种良好的研究思路与方法。该研究以小学数学的某个知识点的教学为例,用教育叙事的研究方法在真实的环境下记录教师如何利用信息技术进行教学,从实践的角度阐述信息技术对有效教学的促进作用。