Poly-victimization and psychopathology among Spanish adolescents in residential care

The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of poly-victimization on symptom severity among adolescents being cared for by the child welfare system in a southwestern European country. The sample consisted of 127 youths (62 males and 65 females) aged 12–17 years (M = 14.60, SD = 1.61) who were recruited from short- and long-term residential centers. The Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire (Finkelhor, Hamby, Ormrod, & Turner, 2005) and the Youth Self-Report (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2001) were used to assess interpersonal victimization experiences and psychopathology, respectively. Victim (n = 68), low poly-victim (n = 48), and high poly-victim (n = 18) groups had comparable rates of psychopathology severity, with the exception of rule-breaking behavior, which was more severe among those with more victimization experiences (Cramer's V = .342). Poly-victimization was shown to be a significant predictor of clinically severe rule-breaking behavior, thought problems, and anxiety/depression symptoms. Among victimization types, sexual and electronic victimization significantly predicted withdrawn/depressed and aggressive behavior, and attention problems, respectively. The results of this study highlight the importance of assessing a wide range of victimization experiences among adolescents in care, since poly-victimization seems to underlie the serious psychological problems these youth present.     

Attachment representations and socio-emotional difficulties in alternative care: A comparison between residential,foster and family based children in Chile

Attachment has been assessed in children living in alternative care (AC) settings, such as Residential Homes (RC) and Foster Care (FC). However, no study has been conducted to compare attachment styles in residential, foster and parental care conducted as usual in the same country at the same point in time. There is also a lack of studies conducted in less developed countries. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare outcomes for children living in three different types of care in Chile. Three groups of children (N = 77), living in (RC), (FC) and with biological parents (PC) were compared. Attachment styles, Indiscriminate Friendliness (IF) and socio-emotional/behavioral difficulties were assessed.Higher rates of secure attachment were observed in the RC group (36.1%) when compared to studies in RC in other countries (mean 18%). However, children in both types of AC were significantly more likely to have insecure and/or disorganized attachment styles than PC children. Higher rates of socio-emotional and behavioral problems were observed in RC (55.6%) and FC (50%) compared to PC (10%). Within type of AC, no significant differences were found, for attachment styles or for socio-emotional/behavioral difficulties, the only difference were the levels of IF, with children in RC having higher levels. As a conclusion, impact of placement in AC can vary between different countries, other factors, rather than only type of AC could better explain differences in attachment security for children. Implications for research and practices are discussed.     

城市园林化与人居环境

高科技时代的来临,为中国城市的都市化提供了前所未有的巨大推动力,现代城市建设的都市化趋向,导致了水泥森林在城市中心的普遍出现。本文在大量资料研究的基础上,对科学技术发展、城市化以及人居环境之间的关系进行了探讨。     

重视规划设计 建设现代新农村——黄州区路口镇花园居民点规划设计

重视规划设计,以科学的规划引导现代新农村建设。以路口镇花园居民点规划设计实例,详细地介绍设计思路和总体布局。把居民对居住环境、居住类型两方面的需求作为规划设计重点,努力把小区规划成具有优美的居住环境、完善的配套服务设施新型居住小区。     

在楼层结构顶面的水平施工缝外观处理浅谈

混凝土施工的质量通病却制约着结构和观感质量,现浇构件的楼层水平施工就是其中之一,为了弥补混凝土水平施工缝外观质量缺陷,改进施工方法,革新施工技术,从而达到建筑物外观立面最佳效果。     

中小城市住宅小区物业管理收费难现状分析

随着住宅小区物业管理的不断深入,如何破解物业管理收费难已经成为物业管理企业亟待解决的一个重要问题。为此,要加强立法,提供保障;加大监管力度,规范物管收费;明确物业管理企业的监管权;早期介入物业的管理;重视财务管理,提高帐目透明度;积极培养人才,提高从业人员素质;推动物业管理科学化、智能化;开展综合经营服务,方便业主、完善自我;加大宣传力度,提高业主意识等解决策略。     

土地整治中农民居住方式变化的生态环境行为效应分析

土地整治带来了农民由分散到集中的居住方式变化,由此也对农民生活及农村生态产生了一系列的影响.本文基于南京市高淳县、溧水县以及六合区18个村183个农户的调研数据,分集中居住(10个村,101个农户样本)与分散居住(8个村,82个农户样本)两个组,并运用描述性分析、对比分析、独立样本T检验等方法对集中居住区与分散居住区农民生态环境行为进行了差异性分析.结果表明: 土地整治中农民居住集中化,与此同时其生活方式、生态环境行为方式也出现了与分散居住区农民显著不同的变化.集中居住区农户与分散居住区农户相比,在生活垃圾、生活污水处置方式、能源及户厕使用种类等方面存在显著差异,总体上,集中居住区农户生活废物废水的处理方式得到好转,能源利用效率提升.因下水管网建设不完善或缺少处理设施,集中居住区生活污水大多集中后外排,这种排污模式对社区外生态环境造成不良影响,同时使农民生活排污的外部性影响由社区内转变为社区外.这对今后改进土地整治工作而言,必须考虑到农民居住方式变化的生态环境行为效应.在相应评估基础上的土地整治才能处理好农业生产、农民生活及农村生态之间的关系,对三生空间格局的优化才具有真正的指导意义和示范价值.     

户式中央空调系统的应用与发展

该文介绍了户式中央空调的基本原理和系统类型,在分析我国户式中央空调发展现状的基础上,结合中国国情特点,特别是家用空调行业的特点,指出了我国户式中央空调的发展方向。     

智能化住宅小区安防系统工程设计案例分析

本文结合工程实例,对智能化住宅小区的安全防范系统进行设计,并就系统构成、设备选型、施工安装,作了详细介绍。     

Developmental effects of childhood household adversity,transitions, and relationship quality on adult outcomes of socioeconomic status: Effects of substantiated child maltreatment

The degree to which child maltreatment interacts with other household adversities to exacerbate risk for poor adult socioeconomic outcomes is uncertain. Moreover, the effects of residential, school, and caregiver transitions during childhood on adult outcomes are not well understood. This study examined the relation between household adversity and transitions in childhood with adult income problems, education, and unemployment in individuals with or without a childhood maltreatment history. The potential protective role of positive relationship quality in buffering these risk relationships was also tested. Data were from the Lehigh Longitudinal Study (n = 457), where subjects were assessed at preschool, elementary, adolescent, and adult ages. Multiple group path analysis tested the relationships between childhood household adversity; residential, school, and caregiver transitions; and adult socioeconomic outcomes for each group. Caregiver relationship quality was included as a moderator, and gender as a covariate. Household adversity was negatively associated with education level and positively associated with income problems for non-maltreated children only. For both groups, residential transitions was negatively associated with education level and caregiver transitions was positively associated with unemployment problems. Relationship quality was positively associated with education level only for non-maltreated children. For children who did not experience maltreatment, reducing exposure to household adversity is an important goal for prevention. Reducing exposure to child maltreatment for all children remains an important public health priority. Results underscore the need for programs and policies that promote stable relationships and environments.